. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2023 Dec;36(1):2185119. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2185119

Table 4.

Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) scores overall and subscale as compared among physician and nursing clinicians, both unadjusted and adjusted.

	Score [scale 0–4] Mean (SD)		Physician compared to nursing p-value
	Physician	Nursing	Unadjusted	Adjusted
Total ICS Score	2.18 (0.56)	1.92 (0.50)	.02	.03^a
Subscale 1: Focus on EBP	3.10 (0.80)	2.81 (0.68)	.052	.04^b
Subscale 2: Educational Support for EBP	2.33 (1.05)	1.98 (0.76)	.055	.08^a
Subscale 3: Recognition for EBP	2.68 (0.89)	2.30 (0.86)	.03	.050^a
Subscale 4: Rewards for EBP	0.30 (0.60)	0.29 (0.58)	.95	.95^c
Subscale 5: Selection for EBP	2.24 (0.93)	1.62 (1.04)	.002	.002^c
Subscale 6: Selection for Openness	2.28 (0.86)	2.46 (0.82)	.27	.27^c

Controlling for site.

Controlling for site and years of experience.

No covariates retained in the model.