De Souza 2021.

Study characteristics
Notes	English title On the analysis of mortality risk factors for hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: a data‐driven study using the major Brazilian database Study setting Start of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 02/2020 End of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 08/2020 Study design retrospective cohort Study centre(s) multiple centres/clinics/areas within a country Number of centres/clinics/areas NR Study setting inpatient Number of participants recruited 162,045 Sampling method non‐random sample Participants Female participants (absolute number), 202, 333 Age measure, value not reported Inclusion criteria The criteria for hospitalisation according to the Ministry of Health concerned the individual presenting gripal syndrome along with dyspnoea/respiratory distress or persistent pressure in the chest or blood oxygen saturation < 95% in room air or blue lips/face. The gripal syndrome concerned the individual with an acute respiratory condition, characterised by at least two of the following signs and symptoms: fever (even if referred), chills, sore throat, headache, cough, runny nose, olfactory disorders or taste disorders. We used in our study data from 162,045 patients who had closed outcomes (cure or death) in order to provide a profile overview of the patients and after, a 44,128 patient cohort with full symptom/comorbidity information aiming to analyse risk factors for mortality. Exclusion criteria NR Smoking NR Diabetes (absolute number), 17,573 Hypertension (unspecified) Cardiovascular diseases (absolute number), 22,957 Please indicate if additional information is available  NR Asthma (absolute number), 2118 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (unspecified) Other pulmonary diseases (absolute number), 2788 Please indicate if additional information is available  Pneumopathy: 2788 Immunosuppression (absolute number), 2343 Please indicate if additional information is available NR Chronic kidney disease (unspecified) Cancer (unspecified) Steroid administration (unspecified) Supplemental oxygen (unspecified) Differential values for various oxygenation methods (if indicated) NR Other treatment NR Dose if applicable NR Duration if applicable NR Percentage received this treatment NR Prognostic factor(s) Study’s definition for obesity NR The time when obesity has been measured unspecified Main variable used for determination of obesity other (please specify) Threshold used for definition of obesity  NR Measure of frequency absolute number Frequency value 3633 How many eligible outcomes reported? 1 How many eligible outcomes reported? 1 Outcome(s) mortality Outcome (prognostic factor) Mortality (obesity) Outcome Mortality Prognostic factor (category):  Obesity Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  44,128 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  3633 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  40,495 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity hazard ratio Effect measure value (95% CI) 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method Cox regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Male sex, age (40‐60, 60‐80, 80+), fever, cough, dyspnoea, respiratory distress, SPO2, diarrhoea, other symptoms, cardiac disease, liver disease, asthma, diabetes, neuropathy, pneumopathy, immunodepression, kidney disease, other comorbidity, flu vaccine, flu antiviral, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, non‐invasive ventilation Effect measure for obesity hazard ratio Effect measure value (95% CI) NR
Item	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study Participation	Yes	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Mortality	Yes	Appendix 3
Prognostic Factor Measurement	Yes	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Mortality	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Mortality	Yes	Appendix 3
Statistical Analysis Bias	Yes	Appendix 3