Dennison 2021.

Study characteristics
Notes	English title Circulating activated neutrophils in COVID‐19: an independent predictor for mechanical ventilation and death Study setting Start of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 05/2020 End of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 08/2020 Study design retrospective cohort Study centre(s) single centres/clinics/areas within a country Number of centres/clinics/areas 1 Study setting inpatient Number of participants recruited 331 Sampling method consecutive participants Participants Female participants (absolute number), 107 Age measure, value median (interquartile range), 53 (41, 65) Inclusion criteria All adult patients presenting to the emergency department of SQUH with symptoms consistent with COVID‐19 and confirmed for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐PCR from May to August 2020 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria Patients who had haemoglobinopathies, haematologic or solid malignancy on chemotherapy were excluded. Patients were also excluded if a CBC was not done at the time of admission Smoking NR Diabetes (absolute number), 116 Hypertension (absolute number), 118 Cardiovascular diseases (absolute number), 30 Please indicate if additional information is available  only CAD Asthma (unspecified) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (unspecified) Other pulmonary diseases (unspecified) Please indicate if additional information is available  NR Immunosuppression (unspecified) Please indicate if additional information is available NR Chronic kidney disease (unspecified) Cancer (unspecified) Steroid administration (unspecified) Supplemental oxygen (unspecified) Differential values for various oxygenation methods (if indicated) NR Other treatment NR Dose if applicable NR Duration if applicable NR Percentage received this treatment NR Prognostic factor(s) Study’s definition for obesity a body mass index of >= 30 (patients with missing weight and height values were labelled obese if treating physicians labelled them as obese before the outcome) The time when obesity has been measured unspecified Main variable used for determination of obesity BMI Threshold used for definition of obesity  30 Measure of frequency absolute number Frequency value 31 How many eligible outcomes reported? 2 How many eligible outcomes reported? 2 Outcome(s) mechanical ventilation, mortality Outcome (prognostic factor) Mechanical ventilation (BMI >= 30) Outcome Mechanical ventilation Prognostic factor (category):  BMI >= 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  300 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  31 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  269 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Age, DM, HTN, IG (immature granulocytes), NEUT‐RI (neutrophil reactivity intensity), WBC Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 6.55 (NR) Outcome (prognostic factor) Mortality (BMI >= 30) Outcome Mortality Prognostic factor (category):  BMI >= 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  274 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  unspecified Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  unspecified Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Age, DM, HTN, NEUT‐RI (neutrophil reactivity intensity) Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 2.02 (NR)
Item	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study Participation	Yes	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Mortality	Yes	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Mechanical ventilation	Yes	Appendix 3
Prognostic Factor Measurement	No	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Mortality	Yes	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Mechanical ventilation	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Mortality	No	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Mechanical ventilation	No	Appendix 3
Statistical Analysis Bias	Yes	Appendix 3