Khawaja 2020.

Study characteristics
Notes	English title Associations with COVID‐19 hospitalisation amongst 406,793 adults: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study Study setting Start of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 03/2020 End of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 04/2020 Study design prospective cohort Study centre(s) multiple centres/clinics/areas within a country Number of centres/clinics/areas NR Study setting outpatient Number of participants recruited 406,793 Sampling method unspecified Participants Female participants (percentage), 55 Age measure, value mean (standard deviation), 68 (8) Inclusion criteria Individuals resident in England and alive in 2020 from UK Biobank Exclusion criteria We excluded participants that were tested but without a positive COVID‐19 test in case a proportion were false negatives and given the abundance of controls already available. Participants who died before 2020 or did not attend an assessment centre in England were excluded given they could not become cases. Smoking (absolute number), 40,181 Diabetes (absolute number), 19,897 Hypertension (absolute number), 135,604 Cardiovascular diseases (absolute number), 32,831 Please indicate if additional information is available  Ischaemic heart disease Asthma (absolute number), 55,127 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (absolute number), 13,805 Other pulmonary diseases (absolute number), 5377 Please indicate if additional information is available  Obstructive sleep apnoea Immunosuppression (unspecified) Please indicate if additional information is available NR Chronic kidney disease (unspecified) Cancer (unspecified) Steroid administration (unspecified) Supplemental oxygen (unspecified) Differential values for various oxygenation methods (if indicated) NR Other treatment NR Dose if applicable NR Duration if applicable NR Percentage received this treatment NR Prognostic factor(s) Study’s definition for obesity Not specified The time when obesity has been measured before disease or right at presentation Main variable used for determination of obesity BMI Threshold used for definition of obesity  Not specified Measure of frequency unspecified Frequency value NR How many eligible outcomes reported? 1 How many eligible outcomes reported? 1 Outcome(s) hospitalisation Outcome (prognostic factor) Hospitalisation (BMI ≥ 25, < 30) Outcome Hospitalisation Prognostic factor (category):  BMI ≥ 25, < 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  406,793 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  94,690 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  312,103 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR (NR, NR) Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Age, sex, ethnicity, education level, Townsend deprivation index, BMI, DBP, alcohol intake frequency, smoking, loop diuretics use, HTN, IHD, stroke, COPD Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 1.26 (1.01, 1.56) Outcome (prognostic factor) Hospitalisation (BMI ≥ 30, < 35) Outcome Hospitalisation Prognostic factor (category):  BMI ≥ 30, < 35 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  406,793 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  94,690 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  312,103 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR (NR, NR) Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Age, sex, ethnicity, education level, Townsend deprivation index, BMI, DBP, alcohol intake frequency, smoking, loop diuretics use, HTN, IHD, stroke, COPD Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 1.37 (1.06, 1.76) Outcome (prognostic factor) Hospitalisation (BMI > 35) Outcome Hospitalisation Prognostic factor (category):  BMI > 35 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  406,793 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  94,690 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  312,103 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR (NR, NR) Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Age, sex, ethnicity, education level, Townsend deprivation index, BMI, DBP, alcohol intake frequency, smoking, loop diuretics use, HTN, IHD, stroke, COPD Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 2.04 (1.5, 2.77)
Item	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study Participation	Yes	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Hospitalisation	Unclear	Appendix 3
Prognostic Factor Measurement	Yes	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Hospitalisation	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Hospitalisation	Yes	Appendix 3
Statistical Analysis Bias	Yes	Appendix 3