Li 2021.

Study characteristics
Notes	English title Metabolic healthy obesity, vitamin D status, and risk of COVID‐19 Study setting Start of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 03/2020 End of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 05/2020 Study design prospective cohort Study centre(s) multiple centres/clinics/areas within a country Number of centres/clinics/areas NR Study setting outpatient and inpatient Number of participants recruited 353,299 Sampling method consecutive participants Participants Female participants (absolute number), 192,001 Age measure, value mean (standard deviation), 67.7 (8.1) Inclusion criteria We acquired the COVID‐19 result data from March 16, 2020 to May 31, 2020 ‐ for the baseline enrolment form UK biobank Exclusion criteria We excluded individuals whose locations were outside England, who died before the SARS‐CoV‐2 test, or who had missing data on the covariates included in the analysis. Smoking (absolute number), 33,996 Diabetes (absolute number), 16,585 Hypertension (absolute number), 96,247 Cardiovascular diseases NR Please indicate if additional information is available  NR Asthma NR Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease NR Other pulmonary diseases NR Please indicate if additional information is available  NR Immunosuppression NR Please indicate if additional information is available NR Chronic kidney disease NR Cancer NR Steroid administration NR Supplemental oxygen NR Differential values for various oxygenation methods (if indicated) NR Other treatment NR Dose if applicable NR Duration if applicable NR Percentage received this treatment NR Prognostic factor(s) Study’s definition for obesity According to the categories of BMI (normal weight [BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2], overweight [BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2], obesity [BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2]), The time when obesity has been measured some time after presentation Main variable used for determination of obesity BMI Threshold used for definition of obesity  30 Measure of frequency absolute number Frequency value 84,987 How many eligible outcomes reported? 2 How many eligible outcomes reported? 2 Outcome(s) hospitalisation, severe COVID Outcome (prognostic factor) hospitalisation (BMI > 30) Outcome hospitalisation Prognostic factor (category):  BMI > 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  353,299 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  84,987 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  268,312 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR (NR, NR) Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Covariates included relevant demographic (age, sex, ethnicity), socioeconomic (Townsend deprivation index, qualifications, employment), and behavioural (smoking status) factors and for metabolic syndrome components (triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose levels) and vitamin D Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 1.38 (1.26, 1.52) Outcome (prognostic factor) Severity (BMI > 30) Outcome Severity Prognostic factor (category):  BMI > 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  353,299 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  84,987 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  268,312 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR (NR, NR) Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Covariates included relevant demographic (age, sex, ethnicity), socioeconomic (Townsend deprivation index, qualifications, employment), and behavioural (smoking status) factors and for metabolic syndrome components (triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose levels), and vitamin D. Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 1.39 (1.12, 1.71)
Item	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study Participation	Yes	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Severe COVID	Yes	Appendix 3
Prognostic Factor Measurement	Yes	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Severe COVID	No	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Severe COVID	Yes	Appendix 3
Statistical Analysis Bias	Yes	Appendix 3