Manohar 2021.

Study characteristics
Notes	English title Social and clinical determinants of COVID‐19 outcomes: modeling real‐world data from a pandemic epicenter Study setting Start of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 03/2020 End of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 08/2020 Study design registry data Study centre(s) multiple centres/clinics/areas within a country Number of centres/clinics/areas 3 Study setting outpatient and inpatient Number of participants recruited 11,930 Sampling method consecutive participants Participants Female participants (absolute number), 6051 Age measure, value mean (not reported), 57.26 Inclusion criteria COVID‐confirmed patients from Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), located in New York City in March to August 2020 Exclusion criteria excluding those that were also confirmed as 'Not Detected' by PCR assay Smoking NR Diabetes (absolute number), type 2 = 2662 Hypertension (absolute number), 4492 Cardiovascular diseases (absolute number), 2315 Please indicate if additional information is available  HF = 994, CVD = 1321 Asthma (absolute number), 1130 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (absolute number), 536 Other pulmonary diseases NR Please indicate if additional information is available  NR Immunosuppression NR Please indicate if additional information is available NR Chronic kidney disease NR Cancer (absolute number), 211 Steroid administration NR Supplemental oxygen NR Differential values for various oxygenation methods (if indicated) NR Other treatment NR Dose if applicable NR Duration if applicable NR Percentage received this treatment NR Prognostic factor(s) Study’s definition for obesity This variable was then categorised as '< 30 (non‐obese)' or '30+ (obese)' The time when obesity has been measured before disease or right at presentation Main variable used for determination of obesity BMI Threshold used for definition of obesity  30 Measure of frequency absolute number Frequency value 2403 How many eligible outcomes reported? 3 How many eligible outcomes reported? 3 Outcome(s) severe COVID, hospitalisation, mortality Outcome (prognostic factor) Severity (BMI > 30) Outcome Severity Prognostic factor (category):  BMI > 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  11,930 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  2403 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  4918 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Age, sex, race/ethnicity, DM, HTN, CVD, cancer, asthma, depression, obesity, smoking, NDI, hospital site, insurance type Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 1.91 (1.01, 1.42) Outcome (prognostic factor) Hospitalisation (BMI > 30) Outcome Hospitalisation Prognostic factor (category):  BMI > 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  11,930 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  2403 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  4918 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Age, sex, race/ethnicity, DM, HTN, CVD, cancer, asthma, depression, obesity, smoking, NDI, hospital site, insurance type Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 1.09 (0.89, 1.34) Outcome (prognostic factor) Mortality (BMI > 30) Outcome Mortality Prognostic factor (category):  BMI > 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  11,930 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  2403 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  4918 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Age, sex, race/ethnicity, DM, HTN, CVD, cancer, asthma, depression, obesity, smoking, NDI, hospital site, insurance type Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 1.2 (1.02, 1.4)
Item	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study Participation	Unclear	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Mortality	No	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Hospitalisation	No	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Severe COVID	No	Appendix 3
Prognostic Factor Measurement	No	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Mortality	Unclear	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Hospitalisation	Unclear	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Severe COVID	Unclear	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Mortality	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Hospitalisation	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Severe COVID	Yes	Appendix 3
Statistical Analysis Bias	Unclear	Appendix 3