Rojas‐Marte 2021.

Study characteristics
Notes	English title Outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 disease and high oxygen requirements Study setting Start of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 03/2020 End of study recruitment (MM/YYYY) 04/2020 Study design retrospective cohort Study centre(s) single centres/clinics/areas within a country Number of centres/clinics/areas 1 Study setting inpatient Number of participants recruited 398 Sampling method unspecified Participants Female participants (absolute number), 133 Age measure, value mean (standard deviation), 65.8 (16.26) Inclusion criteria We identified patients 18 years of age and older who were admitted between March 19th and April 25th, 2020 with COVID‐19 disease and high oxygen requirements. We considered patients to have a high oxygen requirement if they developed acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure and required intubation with mechanical ventilation or needed high‐level oxygen supplementation (face mask at more than 10 L per minute, high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC), or non‐rebreather (NRB) oxygen face mask) at the time of admission or during hospitalisation. Exclusion criteria We excluded patients not requiring high concentrations of oxygen, patients who died within 1 day of being admitted, and those who died during their emergency room stay. Smoking NR Diabetes (absolute number), 141 Hypertension (absolute number), 237 Cardiovascular diseases (absolute number), 56 Please indicate if additional information is available  NR Asthma (absolute number), 32 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (absolute number), 27 Other pulmonary diseases NR Please indicate if additional information is available  NR Immunosuppression NR Please indicate if additional information is available NR Chronic kidney disease (absolute number), 22 Cancer NR Steroid administration (absolute number), 153 Supplemental oxygen NR Differential values for various oxygenation methods (if indicated) NR Other treatment NR Dose if applicable NR Duration if applicable NR Percentage received this treatment NR Prognostic factor(s) Study’s definition for obesity BMI > 30 The time when obesity has been measured before disease or right at presentation Main variable used for determination of obesity BMI Threshold used for definition of obesity  30 Measure of frequency absolute number Frequency value 167 How many eligible outcomes reported? 1 How many eligible outcomes reported? 1 Outcome(s) mechanical ventilation Outcome (prognostic factor) mechanical ventilation (BMI > 30) Outcome mechanical ventilation Prognostic factor (category):  BMI > 30 Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for this outcome  398 Number of obese patients followed completely for this outcome  167 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for this outcome  231 Univariable (unadjusted) analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity NR Effect measure value (95% CI) NR Multivariable (adjusted) analysis for obesity Modelling method logistic regression The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment Comorbidities (obesity, dementia), vital signs (heart rate (per minute), respiratory rate (per minute)), laboratory values (platelet, serum sodium, C‐reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, glomerular filtration rate, troponin), treatment management (vasopressor, haemodialysis, blood transfusion, steroids, prophylactic anticoagulation, therapeutic anticoagulation, remdesivir, zinc, antibiotics for suspected bacterial infection), complications (diagnosis of bacteraemia/fungaemia) Effect measure for obesity odds ratio  Effect measure value (95% CI) 6.33 (1.45, 27.61)
Item	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study Participation	Yes	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Mechanical ventilation	Yes	Appendix 3
Prognostic Factor Measurement	Unclear	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Mechanical ventilation	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Mechanical ventilation	Unclear	Appendix 3
Statistical Analysis Bias	Yes	Appendix 3