Xie 2021.

Study characteristics
Notes	English title Metabolic syndrome and COVID‐19 mortality among adult black patients in New Orleans Study setting Start of study recruitment (MM/YYYY): 03/2020 End of study recruitment (MM/YYYY): 04/2020 Study design: Retrospective cohort Study centre(s): Multiple centres/clinics/areas within a country Number of centres, clinics or areas: 2 Study setting: Inpatient Number of participants recruited: 287 Sampling method: Consecutive participants Participants Female participants (absolute number): 163 Age measure, value: Mean (SD), 61.5 (15.2) Inclusion criteria: All hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 (confirmed by SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR) at two tertiary academic hospitals in New Orleans, LA, from 30 March to 5 April 2020 Exclusion criteria: NR Smoking frequency: NR Diabetes frequency: 154 Hypertension frequency: 230 Cardiovascular disease frequency: 41 Asthma frequency: 30 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease frequency: 29 Other pulmonary disease frequency: NR Immunosuppression frequency: NR Chronic kidney disease frequency: NR Cancer frequency: NR Steroid administration frequency: NR Supplemental oxygen administration frequency: NR Other treatments (frequency): NR Prognostic factor(s) Study’s definition for obesity: Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2)  The time when obesity has been measured: Before disease or right at presentation Main variable used for determination of obesity: BMI Threshold used for definition: 30 Obesity frequency (absolute number): 250 Prognostic factor(s): Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) Outcome(s) Mortality Mechanical ventilation ICU admission  Outcome (prognostic factor) Mortality (BMI > 30 kg/m2) Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for the outcome: 287 Number of obese patients followed completely for the outcome: 250 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for the outcome: 37 Univariable unadjusted analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity: NR Effect measure value (95% CI), P value: NR Multivariable analysis for obesity Modelling method: Logistic regression  The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment: Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, individual hospital site, race, sex Effect measure for obesity: Odds ratio Effect measure value (95% CI), P value: 1.67 (0.829, 3.31), NR Outcome (prognostic factor) Mechanical ventilation (BMI > 30 kg/m2) Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for the outcome: 287 Number of obese patients followed completely for the outcome: 250 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for the outcome: 37 Univariable unadjusted analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity: NR Effect measure value (95% CI), P value: NR Multivariable analysis for obesity Modelling method: Logistic regression  The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment: Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, individual hospital site, race, sex Effect measure for obesity: Odds ratio Effect measure value (95% CI), P value: 2.36 (1.31, 4.22), NR Outcome (prognostic factor) ICU admission (BMI > 30 kg/m2) Follow‐up Number of patients followed completely for the outcome: 287 Number of obese patients followed completely for the outcome: 250 Number of non‐obese patients followed completely for the outcome: 37 Univariable unadjusted analysis for obesity Effect measure for obesity: NR Effect measure value (95% CI), P value: NR Multivariable analysis for obesity Modelling method: Logistic regression  The set of prognostic factors used for adjustment: Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, individual hospital site, race, sex Effect measure for obesity: Odds ratio Effect measure value (95% CI), P value: 2.18 (1.23, 3.82), NR
Item	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study Participation	Yes	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Mortality	Unclear	Appendix 3
Study Attrition Mechanical ventilation	Unclear	Appendix 3
Study Attrition ICU admission	Unclear	Appendix 3
Prognostic Factor Measurement	Yes	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Mortality	Yes	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement Mechanical ventilation	Yes	Appendix 3
Outcome Measurement ICU admission	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Mortality	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias Mechanical ventilation	Yes	Appendix 3
Confounding Bias ICU admission	Yes	Appendix 3
Statistical Analysis Bias	Yes	Appendix 3