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. 2023 May 24:1–14. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s12403-023-00572-x

Table 2.

Details of MDRs values in temporal PM2.5

Ant/(Ant + Phe) Fla/(Fla + Pyr) Baa/(Baa + Chr) Ind/(Ind + Bghi) BaP/Bghi
2016 0.23 ± 0.12 0.66 ± 0.18 0.62 ± 0.10 0.27 ± 0.14 0.45 ± 0.27
2017 0.32 ± 0.08 0.60 ± 0.02 0.57 ± 0.11 0.53 ± 0.14 0.75 ± 0.92
2018 0.35 ± 0.05 0.58 ± 0.08 0.55 ± 0.10 0.68 ± 0.05 0.51 ± 0.63
2019 0.36 ± 0.06 0.50 ± 0.01 0.75 ± 0.07 0.46 ± 0.18 0.33 ± 0.17
2020 0.27 ± 0.08 0.66 ± 0.12 0.69 ± 0.13 0.44 ± 0.08 0.47 ± 0.12
2021 0.31 ± 0.16 0.46 ± 0.08 0.79 ± 0.09 0.36 ± 0.06 0.20 ± 0.07
Spring 0.34 ± 0.12 0.74 ± 0.16 0.60 ± 0.11 0.70 ± 0.07 0.38 ± 0.43
Summer 0.33 ± 0.13 0.56 ± 0.20 0.51 ± 0.11 0.21 ± 0.13 0.26 ± 0.14
Fall 0.31 ± 0.12 0.62 ± 0.18 0.58 ± 0.10 0.42 ± 0.13 0.33 ± 0.49
Winter 0.29 ± 0.17 0.54 ± 0.09 0.66 ± 0.12 0.40 ± 0.15 0.75 ± 0.96

 < 0.1 = petrogenic

 > 0.1 = pyrogenic

 < 0.4 = petrogenic/unburned petroleum 0.4–0.5 = fossil fuel combustion

 > 0.5 = biomass and coal combustion

 < 0.2 = petrogenic 0.2–0.35 = petroleum combustion > 0.35 = biomass and coal combustion  < 0.2 = petrogenic 0.2–0.5 = petroleum combustion > 0.5 = biomass and coal combustion  < 0.6 = nontraffic > 0.6 = traffic