Table 5.

Participation in efforts to strengthen information exchange

Activity type	Activity	Multilaterals identified		Bilaterals identified
		Funding support	Technical support
Own activities	Membership of a network whose work includes HRH information exchange	Gavi [127]; Global Fund [128]; World Bank [128]	OECD [129–131]; UNFPA [127] WHO [128–132]	BMGF [127]; Canada [127]; EC [133]; France [127] Germany [127]; Japan [127]; Norway [127]; UK [127]; USA [127, 128]
	Contribution to the publication of analysis of HRH data at global or regional level	AfDB [134]; World Bank [135]	OECD [131, 136]; UNFPA [137–140]; WHO [135, 137, 141–147]	BMGF [148]; EC [133, 149]
	Development or updating of technical guidance or tools for HRH information exchange	Global Fund; World Bank [150]	OECD [130]; WHO [120, 150–153]	BMGF [148]; EC [154], Germany [155]; USA [156, 157]
	Development or updating of a system to facilitate HRH information exchange	World Bank [158]	OECD [136, 159–161];WHO [151, 162]	–
Financial or technical support for others’ activities	Establishment or strengthening of an organization or department with a focus on HRH, e.g. a health workforce observatory or HRH planning unit	EIB [163]; Global Fund [46]; World Bank [163]	WHO [164–168]	EC [163, 168]; Norway [163]; UK [163]; USA [164, 169, 170]
	Establishment or strengthening of HRH information systems or data platforms	EIB; Global Fund [171]	WHO [172–175]	BMGF [176]; Canada [177]; UK [178, 179]; USA [169, 180–184]
	Supporting the analysis of HRH data for planning purposes at country level, e.g. health labour market analysis or HRH needs assessments	Global Fund [46]	OECD [136, 159, 160]; WHO [185–187]	BMGF; EC [154]; USA [188]