Table 4. Binary logistic regression results on the socio-demographic factors associated with COVID-19 symptoms.
| Variables | Respondents or a household member having COVID-19 rsymptoms in the past 2 weeks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR [95%CI] Model 1 | AOR [95%CI] Model 2 | AOR [95%CI] Model 3 | AOR [95%CI] Model 4 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 0.99 [0.70–1.39] | 0.98[0.70–1.37] | 1.06[0.75–1.49] | 1.07 [0.76–1.49] |
| Age | ||||
| 18–44 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 45–64 | 0.49***[0.34–0.71] | 0.48***[0.32–0.70] | 0.57**[0.38–0.84] | 0.57**[0.38–0.85] |
| 65–84 | 0.36***[0.25–0.51] | 0.36***[0.25–0.52] | 0.35***[0.24–0.51] | 0.35***[0.24–0.53] |
| 85 years and above | 0.44 [0.05–3.57] | 0.36 [0.05–2.52] | 0.31[0.05–1.94] | 0.33 [0.05–2.14] |
| Province | ||||
| Quebec | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| British Columbia | 0.57*[0.33–0.99] | 0.63[0.36–1.09] | 0.62[0.36–1.08] | |
| Ontario | 0.90 [0.65–1.25] | 0.97[0.69–1.37] | 0.96[0.69–1.36] | |
| Alberta | 1.20 [0.64–2.23] | 1.47[0.78–2.77] | 1.47 [0.79–2.74] | |
| Other | 1.75* [1.04–2.94] | 1.72*[1.01–2.92] | 1.68 [0.99–2.84] | |
| Ethnic groups | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Black | 1.46[0.48–4.43] | 1.68 [0.57–4.96] | 1.70 [0.58–4.95] | |
| Mixed race | 2.26[0.88–5.77] | 2.65*[0.1.13–6.26] | 2.19 [1.12–6.19] | |
| Other | 0.82[0.33–2.06] | 0.90[0.37–2.17] | 0.90[0.37–2.19] | |
| Minority group | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Yes | 0.60 [0.28–1.30] | 0.51[0.24–1.06] | 0.50 [0.24–1.05] | |
| Highest level of education | ||||
| High school or less | Reference | Reference | ||
| College | 1.13[0.65–1.94] | 1.13[0.65–1.95] | ||
| Postgraduate | 1.66[0.89–3.10] | 1.68[0.89–3.15] | ||
| Total income in 2019 | ||||
| Less than $20,000 | Reference | Reference | ||
| $20,000 to less than $50,000 | 1.23 [0.79–1.92] | 1.22[0.78–1.92] | ||
| $50,000 to less than $100,000 | 0.93 [0.59–1.49] | 0.93[0.58–1.48] | ||
| $100,000 or more | 0.31**[0.14–0.69] | 0.30* [0.13–0.67] | ||
| Number of household members | ||||
| 1 | Reference | |||
| 2–3 | 1.23 [0.79–1.92] | |||
| 4 or more | 1.21 [0.73–1.99] | |||
| Pseudo R-squared | 0.026 | 0.050 | 0.066 | 0.067 |
Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets
aOR adjusted odds ratios; CI Confidence Interval
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01
*** p < 0.001