Table 1.

Function of immune cells in lupus pathogenesis

Immune cell	Receptor/therapeutic target	Function in lupus pathogenesis	References
Innate immunity
Neutrophils	IL-18R	Enhance Netosis	[6]
	TLR	Secretion of IFN gamma	[8]
Plasmacytoid Dendritic cells	TLR-7, 9	Mediate IFN alpha production	[10]
	IgE	Enhances the follicular T cell expansion and reduces the Treg population	[18]
Myeloid Dendritic cells	T cells	Phagocytize nuclear material and present antigens to naive CD4+ T cells	[16]
Platelets	TLR-7	Platelet–leukocyte aggregates possibly involved in priming the immune system	[12]
Adaptive immunity
Treg cells	T and B cells	Over-activation of T and B cells	[21]
T cells	T cell receptor	Secretion of IL-17 and proliferation of Th17	[24]
CD4+ follicular T cells	B cell	B cell maturation and autoantibodies generation	[27]
B cells	ProBDNF/p75NTR	Autoantibody generation	[39]