Fig. 1. At-home sleep monitoring patches for assessing sleep quality and sleep apnea.

(A) Image of an at-home wireless sleep monitoring system for real-time, multichannel recording of EEG, EOG, and EMG signals and deep learning–based classification of sleep stages and sleep apnea detection using a portable device. (B and C) Photos of the soft wearable patches conformally attached to the facial area, including the forehead (B) and the chin (C). Scale bars, 2 cm. (D) Photo of the forehead patch on a device carrier made of PTFE for convenient handling and storage for multiday uses. Scale bar, 2 cm. (E) Photo of the backside of the highly flexible soft patch in (D) showing nanomembrane electrodes. Scale bar, 2 cm. (F) Photo of the chin patch showing its stretchability to make conformal lamination to the skin (inset image). Scale bar, 1 cm. (G) Illustration of the sleep monitoring system mounted on the face, including electrodes, interconnectors, circuits, and adhesive (Silbione) on a fabric. Scale bar, 3 cm. (H) Details of the multilayered flexible circuits, made of metals, polymers, and chips, which are fully encapsulated by silicone membranes for strain isolation during device assembly, handling, and wearing during sleep.