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. 2023 May 24;13:173. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02476-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A The experimental timeline of the behavioral procedure and ANA-12 local injection. B Schematic showing the local infusion of ANA-12 in DG in adult C57BL/6N mice. C Compared with control mice that successfully distinguished the displaced object from the stationary one, ANA-12-treated mice showed impaired spatial recognition memory. D In the Y-maze spontaneous alternation task, ANA-12 infusion did not significantly affect spatial working memory. E The experimental timeline of the behavioral procedure and 7,8-DHF microinjection after ELS exposure. F Schematic showing the 7,8-DHF infusion into the DG in adult C57BL/6N mice. G In the SOR test, except that the ELS + Veh group failed to recognize the object placed in novel location, the other three groups performed well. H In the Y-maze test, microinjection of 7,8-DHF in DG did not significantly affect spatial working memory. AAR alternate arm return, Acc. acclimation, CT control, DHF 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, DG dentate gyrus, ELS early-life stress, PND postnatal day, SA spontaneous alternation, SAR same arm return, SOR spatial object recognition, Veh vehicle. *p < 0.05, unpaired t test; ^##p < 0.01^{, ###}p < 0.001, one-sample t test.