Table 1.

Wnt ligands, their possible receptors and ocular cell expression

Wnt ligand	Canonical signaling	Non-canonical signaling	Possible Receptors	Ocular cell expression	References
Wnt-1	+		RYK, LRP5/6, FZD4, FZD5, FZD8	Corneal endothelial cells, limbal epithelial cells, trabecular meshwork cells	Lu et al. 2004; Mao et al. 2001; Voloshanenko et al. 2017; McGowan et al. 2007
Wnt-2	+	+	FZD1, FZD8, FZD9, LRP5/6	Müller cells, corneal epithelial cells	Gazit et al. 1999; Bravo et al. 2013; Karasawa et al. 2002; Ren et al. 2021; Musada et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2003.
Wnt-2b/Wnt-13	+		FZD4, LRP5/6	Lens epithelial cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, retinal progenitor cells	Ohta et al. 2011; Katoh and Katoh 2009; Ren et al. 2021; Jasoni, Hendrickson and Roelink 1999; Liu et al. 2003; Nakagawa et al. 2003; Kubo, Takeichi and Nakagawa 2003;
Wnt-3/3a	+		FZD1-10, LRP5/6	Corneal and limbal epithelial cells, lens epithelial cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells	Voloshanenko et al. 2017; Kozielewicz et al. 2021; Sebastian et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2003; Kim et al. 2015
Wnt-4	+	+	FZD1, FZD2, FZD6, LRP5/6	Müller cells, corneal and limbal epithelial cells, conjunctival epithelial cells	Zhang et al. 2021; Musada et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2003; Yuan et al. 2013; Watson et al. 2013; Figueria et al. 2007; Mantelli et al. 2009
Wnt-5a		+	FZD2, FZD3, FZD4, FZD5, FZD6, FZD7, FZD8, RYK, ROR2, PTK7, CD146	Corneal and limbal epithelial cells, conjunctival epithelial cells, Müller cells, rods, bipolar cells, retinal myeloid cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, stromal cells	Kumawat and Gosens 2016; Martinez et al. 2015; Musada et al. 2020; Sarin et al. 2018; Stefater et al. 2011; Kim et al. 2015; Yuan et al. 2013; Che et al. 2018; Mantelli et al. 2009
Wnt-5b	+	+	FZD1, FZD2, FZD4, FZD5, FZD6, FZD7, FZD8	Müller cells, rods bipolar cells, lens epithelial cells	Suthon et al. 2021; Musada et al. 2020; Sarin et al. 2018; Liu et al. 2003
Wnt-6	+	+	FZD4, LRP6	Corneal and limbal epithelial cells,	Wei et al. 2020; He et al. 2020; MacDonald and He 2012; Liu et al. 2003; Bonnet et al. 2021.
Wnt-7a	+	+	FZD5, LRP5/6	Corneal and limbal epithelial cells, lens fiber cells	Voloshanenko et al. 2017; Ren et al. 2021; Ouyang et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2003
Wnt-7b	+	+	FZD1, FZD5, FZD7, FZD8, FZD10, LRP5		Voloshanenko et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2005; Ferrari et al. 2018
Wnt-8	+		FZD54, FZD5, FZD8, FZD10, LRP6		Voloshanenko et al. 2017; Dawson et al. 2013
Wnt-9a/Wnt-14	+	+	FZD4, FZD10, LRP5/6	Müller cells	Voloshanenko et al. 2017; Ren et al. 2021; Musada et al. 2020
Wnt-9b	+	+	FZD4, FZD5, FZD8, FZD10, LRP5/6		Voloshanenko et al. 2017; Ren et al. 2021
Wnt-10a	+	+	FZD5, FZD8, LRP5/6	Corneal epithelial cells	Voloshanenko et al. 2017; Ren et al. 2021; Foster et al. 2021
Wnt-10b/Wnt-12	+	+	FZD6, LRP5/6	Müller cells	Neuhaus et al. 2021; Ren et al. 2021; Musada et al. 2020
Wnt-11		+	ROR2, FZD7, FZD8, RYK	Corneal and limbal epithelial cells, retinal myeloid cells	Bai et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2008; Murillo-Garzón et al. 2018; Stefater et al. 2011
Wnt-16		+	FZD1, FZD2, FZD7	Müller cells, limbal epithelial cells	Martínez-Bartolomé and Range 2019; Musada et al. 2020; Zhao et al. 2022.
Norrin	+	+	FZD4	Müller cells, retinal endothelial cells	Wang et al. 2012; Madaan et al. 2019; Yang et al. 2021; Ye et al. 2009; Chidiac et al. 2021