Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population and Comparison of Patients With Positive and Negative Antibody Responses
| Characteristic, N = 614 (Except Where Otherwise Stated) | Overall | Positive (n = 463, 75.4%) |
Negative (n = 151, 24.6%) |
Test; P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at first vaccine dose, mean ± standard deviation, y | 57.3 ± 13.6 | 57.0 ± 13.6 | 58.1 ± 11.9 | 0.88; 0.380a |
| Female | 213 (34.7) | 153 (33.1) | 60 (39.7) | 2.25; 0.134 |
| Time from transplant to vaccine first dose, median (interquartile range), y | 6.82 (3.12–12.89) | 7.51 (3.78–13.77) | 4.82 (1.68–9.14) | −4.8; < 0.001b |
| Type of graft | 46.0; < 0.001 | |||
| Kidney | 275 (44.8) | 205 (44.3) | 70 (46.4) | |
| Liver | 163 (26.5) | 150 (32.4) | 13 (8.6) | |
| Heart | 137 (22.3) | 80 (17.3) | 57 (37.8) | |
| Lung | 39 (6.4) | 28 (6.1) | 11 (7.3) | |
| Comorbidity | 215 (35.0) | 152 (32.8) | 63 (41.7) | 3.96; 0.047 |
| Booster | 520 (84.7) | 401 (86.6) | 119 (78.8) | 5.34; 0.021 |
| Vaccine sequence (n = 513) | 4.53; 0.104 | |||
| BNT162b2–BNT162b2–BNT162b2 | 70 (13.7) | 47 (11.9) | 23 (19.5) | |
| mRNA-1273–mRNA-1273–mRNA-1273 | 136 (26.5) | 108 (27.3) | 28 (23.7) | |
| BNT162b2–BNT162b2–mRNA-1273 | 307 (59.8) | 240 (60.8) | 67 (56.8) | |
| Graft function (n = 561) | 1.68; 0.195 | |||
| Good | 500 (89.1) | 382 (90.1) | 118 (86.1) | |
| Impaired and/or failure | 61 (10.9) | 42 (9.9) | 19 (13.9) | |
| Induction regimen in the last 6 m | 9 (1.5) | 5 (1.1) | 4 (2.7) | 0.234c |
| Immunosuppressive drug | ||||
| Calcineurin inhibitors | 592 (96.4) | 443 (95.7) | 149 (98.7) | 2.96; 0.086 |
| Mycophenolate | 326 (53.1) | 213 (46.0) | 113 (74.8) | 38.0; < 0.001 |
| Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors | 81 (13.2) | 64 (13.8) | 17 (11.3) | 0.65; 0.419 |
| Steroids | 404 (65.8) | 277 (59.8) | 127 (84.1) | 29.8; < 0.001 |
| Baseline immune parameters | ||||
| CD4 (n = 199) | 584 ± 401 | 630 ± 405 | 420 ± 343 | −3.13; 0.002a |
| CD4 >500 (n = 199) | 101 (50.7) | 89 (57.4) | 12 (27.3) | 12.5; < 0.001 |
| CD8 (n = 209) | 556 ± 339 | 581 ± 331 | 475 ± 357 | −1.90; 0.058a |
| IgG (n = 179) | 1004 ± 283 | 1040 ± 265 | 881 ± 314 | −3.21; 0.002a |
| IgG >600 (n = 179) | 171 (95.5) | 137 (98.6) | 34 (85.0) | 0.002c |
The statistical test was χ2 test except when noted.
Abbreviations: IgG, immunoglobulin G; mRNA, messenger RNA.
t test.
Mann–Whitney test.
Fisher exact test.