Table 2.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Status, and by Use of Tenofovir Among People With or Without HIV
| HIV Status and Use of Tenofovir | All Patients, No. | Patients With Outcome, No. (%) | RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crudea | Adjustedb | |||
| HIV status | ||||
| Hospitalized for any reason | ||||
| PWH | 1785 | 422 (24) | 2.68 (2.46–2.91) | 1.31 (1.20–1.44) |
| PWoH | 189 351 | 16 732 (9) | Reference | Reference |
| Hospitalized for COVID-19 | ||||
| PWH | 1785 | 271 (15) | 2.41 (2.16–2.69) | 1.29 (1.15–1.45) |
| PWoH | 189 351 | 11 930 (6) | Reference | Reference |
| Mechanical ventilation or death | ||||
| PWH | 1785 | 83 (5) | 2.90 (2.34–3.59) | 1.51 (1.19–1.92) |
| PWoH | 189 351 | 3037 (2) | Reference | Reference |
| Tenofovir use among PWH | ||||
| Hospitalized for any reason | ||||
| Tenofovir | 1139 | 224 (20) | 0.64 (.54–.76) | 0.81 (.70–.96) |
| No tenofovir | 646 | 198 (31) | Reference | Reference |
| Hospitalized for COVID-19 | ||||
| Tenofovir | 1139 | 152 (13) | 0.72 (.58–.90) | 0.91 (.72–1.13) |
| No tenofovir | 646 | 119 (18) | Reference | Reference |
| Mechanical ventilation or death | ||||
| Tenofovir | 1139 | 33 (3) | 0.37 (.24–.57) | 0.50 (.33–.75) |
| No tenofovir | 646 | 50 (8) | Reference | Reference |
| Tenofovir use for PrEP among PWoH | ||||
| Hospitalized for any reason | ||||
| HIV PrEP with tenofovir | 459 | 15 (3) | 0.43 (.26–.70) | 0.71 (.62–.81) |
| No HIV PrEP with tenofovir | 173 921 | 13 324 (8) | Reference | Reference |
| Hospitalized, COVID | ||||
| HIV PrEP with tenofovir | 459 | 14 (3) | 0.57 (.34–.96) | 0.86 (.74–1.00) |
| No HIV PrEP with tenofovir | 173 921 | 9278 (5) | Reference | Reference |
| Mechanical ventilation or death | ||||
| HIV PrEP with tenofovir | 459 | 3 (1) | 0.50 (.16–1.55) | 0.91 (.68–1.21) |
| No HIV PrEP with tenofovir | 173 921 | 2272 (1) | Reference | Reference |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis; PWH, people with HIV; PWoH, people without HIV; RR, risk ratio.
Crude RRs from Poisson regression models with robust standard errors.
Adjusted RRs estimated by targeted maximum likelihood estimation, accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, cohort, smoking status, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, and calendar period, as well as CD4 count and HIV viral load for PWH-only analyses.