Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory assessment at hospital admission.
| 2020 |
2021 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Total (n = 425) | HIV infected (n = 86) | non-HIV infected (n = 339) | p-value | Total (n = 219) | HIV infected (n = 44) | non-HIV infected (n = 175) | p-value |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Clinical assessmenta | ||||||||
| Glasgow <15 | 79 (18.6%) | 16 (18.6%) | 63 (18.6%) | >0.999 | 11 (5.0%) | 3 (6.8%) | 8 (4.6%) | 0.465 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 90.0 (79.0, 101.2) | 88.5 (77.8, 101.2) | 90.0 (79.8, 101.2) | 0.410 | 86.0 (77.8, 95.2) | 86.0 (80.0, 95.0) | 86.0 (76.0, 95.0) | 0.666 |
| Respiratory rate (irpm) | 20.0 (18.0, 25.0) | 20.0 (19.0, 24.0) | 20.5 (18.0, 25.2) | 0.859 | 20.0 (18.0, 24.0) | 22.0 (18.0, 26.0) | 20.0 (18.8, 24.0) | 0.608 |
| SF ratio | 411.0 (247.9, 456.0) | 431.0 (254.6, 458.3) | 407.5 (247.9, 452.4) | 0.316 | 342.9 (275.3, 419.0) | 344.6 (276.7, 422.6) | 339.3 (275.3, 419.0) | 0.741 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 54 (12.7%) | 11 (12.8%) | 43 (12.7%) | >0.999 | 2 (1.1%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.041 |
| Systolic blood pressure | ||||||||
| ≥90 (mm Hg) | 369 (91.8%) | 73 (91.2%) | 296 (91.9%) | 166 (97.1%) | 33 (97.1%) | 133 (97.1%) | ||
| <90 (mm Hg) | 5 (1.2%) | 1 (1.2%) | 4 (1.2%) | 0.921 | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.675 |
| Inotrope requirement | 28 (7.0%) | 6 (7.5%) | 22 (6.8%) | 3 (1.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (1.5%) | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure | ||||||||
| >60 (mm Hg) | 319 (79.4%) | 62 (77.5%) | 257 (79.8%) | 143 (83.6%) | 27 (79.4%) | 116 (84.7%) | ||
| ≤60 (mm Hg) | 55 (13.7%) | 12 (15.0%) | 43 (13.4%) | 0.900 | 25 (14.6%) | 6 (17.6%) | 19 (13.9%) | 0.542 |
| Inotrope requirement | 28 (7.0%) | 6 (7.5%) | 22 (6.8%) | 3 (1.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (1.5%) | ||
| Laboratory assessment 1 | ||||||||
| Hemogram parameters | ||||||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.1 (11.4, 14.4) | 12.7 (10.6, 14.2) | 13.2 (11.6, 14.4) | 0.149 | 13.4 (12.3, 14.6) | 13.4 (12.1, 14.8) | 13.3 (12.4, 14.5) | 0.919 |
| Leukocytes (cels/mm3) | 7,100.0 (5,100.0, 9,850.0) | 5,950.0 (4,595.0, 8,220.0) | 7,370.5 (5,415.0, 10,257.5) | <0.001 | 6,890.0 (5,765.0, 9,310.0) | 6,770.0 (5,840.0, 8,430.0) | 6,941.0 (5,597.0, 9,310.0) | 0.551 |
| Neutrophiles (cels/mm3) | 5,219.0 (3,420.5, 7,666.5) | 4,303.5 (2,715.0, 6,088.0) | 5,435.5 (3,658.8, 8,015.0) | 0.001 | 5,301.2 (3,966.8, 7,331.2) | 4,989.0 (4,194.4, 6,718.0) | 5,410.0 (3,849.8, 7,392.0) | 0.692 |
| Lymphocytes (cels/mm3) | 1,000.0 (710.0, 1,382.0) | 1,013.0 (593.2, 1,398.2) | 1,000.0 (737.0, 1,380.0) | 0.500 | 978.5 (673.8, 1,492.5) | 965.0 (508.0, 1,434.0) | 994.0 (684.0, 1,499.0) | 0.374 |
| Platelet count (109/L) | 199,000.0 (158,000.0, 266,750.0) | 182,000.0 (147,500.0, 251,500.0) | 205,000.0 (162,000.0, 268,000.0) | 0.089 | 214,500.0 (159,500.0, 273,250.0) | 219,000.0 (178,500.0, 262,500.0) | 210,000.0 (158,000.0, 274,000.0) | 0.700 |
| NLR (cels/mm3) | 5.1 (3.0, 8.7) | 4.4 (2.5, 7.5) | 5.3 (3.0, 8.9) | 0.142 | 5.6 (3.5, 9.1) | 6.2 (3.9, 10.6) | 5.3 (3.4, 8.8) | 0.466 |
| Kidney parameters | ||||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, s1.4) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.530 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.340 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 35.0 (25.0, 52.3) | 35.5 (24.0, 55.6) | 35.0 (26.0, 50.8) | 0.856 | 32.6 (26.0, 45.8) | 37.0 (26.2, 54.7) | 31.7 (26.0, 44.2) | 0.249 |
| Liver parameters | ||||||||
| AST (U/L) | 41.0 (30.0, 61.0) | 37.0 (27.8, 53.0) | 42.0 (30.0, 63.0) | 0.090 | 47.2 (36.2, 69.7) | 41.0 (32.5, 58.7) | 51.8 (39.2, 69.8) | 0.066 |
| ALT (U/L) | 34.0 (23.0, 58.0) | 30.0 (22.7, 42.0) | 37.0 (23.0, 63.8) | 0.021 | 44.0 (28.0, 72.0) | 42.0 (24.0, 54.5) | 47.5 (32.0, 72.8) | 0.139 |
| Ions | ||||||||
| Sodium (mmoL/L) | 138.0 (135.0, 141.0) | 138.0 (135.0, 140.0) | 138.0 (136.0, 141.0) | 0.291 | 137.0 (134.0, 139.0) | 137.0 (134.8, 139.0) | 137.0 (134.0, 139.0) | 0.868 |
| Others parameters | ||||||||
| INR | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 0.652 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) | 0.181 |
| Lactate (mmoL/L) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 0.006 | 1.5 (1.1, 2.2) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.3) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | 0.219 |
| Arterial pH | 7.4 (7.4, 7.5) | 7.4 (7.4, 7.4) | 7.4 (7.4, 7.5) | 0.013 | 7.4 (7.4, 7.5) | 7.4 (7.4, 7.5) | 7.4 (7.4, 7.5) | 0.759 |
| Arterial pO2 | 77.0 (63.2, 96.0) | 79.0 (60.8, 104.8) | 76.1 (63.8, 94.1) | 0.381 | 71.4 (61.5, 95.0) | 77.0 (65.1, 99.7) | 70.5 (61.0, 95.0) | 0.192 |
| Arterial pCO2 | 35.5 (32.0, 40.0) | 35.2 (30.0, 42.0) | 35.8 (32.1, 39.2) | 0.659 | 35.0 (31.6, 38.2) | 33.6 (30.0, 35.6) | 35.9 (32.0, 39.0) | 0.046 |
| Bicarbonate | 23.6 (21.0, 25.9) | 23.0 (19.0, 25.2) | 23.8 (21.3, 26.0) | 0.073 | 23.2 (21.1, 25.1) | 22.0 (19.6, 23.8) | 24.0 (22.0, 25.3) | 0.002 |
a
Median (Interquartile Range ‒ IQR). Statistical tests: Wilcoxon rank-sum test; Chi-Square test of independence; Fisher's exact test.
INR, International Normalized Ratio; NLR, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio; SF, Ratio – Peripheral; SpO2/FiO2 ratio, Capillary Oxygen Saturation/Fraction of Inspired Oxygen.