Table 1.
Characteristics of sample.
| Reference (N = 828) | Symptomatic cerebrovascular disease (n = 204) | Covert vascular lesions (N = 156) | Imaging negative ischemia (N = 90) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years (SD) | 57.2 (9.9) | 60.7 (10.2) | 63.7 (8.9) | 59.5 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 166 (20) | 41 (20) | 31 (20) | 22 (24) | 0.790 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 380 (46) | 135 (66) | 98 (62) | 53 (59) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 656 (79) | 155 (75) | 128 (81) | 70 (78) | 0.495 |
| Anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication, n (%) | 461 (56) | 127 (61) | 93 (59) | 64 (71) | 0.025 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 26.9 (3.8) | 26.3 (3.7) | 26.9 (3.8) | 27.0 (4.2) | 0.248 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 151 (18) | 48 (23) | 47 (30) | 22 (24) | 0.008 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.019 | ||||
| Never | 147 (18) | 24 (12) | 36 (23) | 21 (24) | |
| Former | 490 (59) | 124 (60) | 85 (54) | 41 (45) | |
| Current/recently quit | 192 (23) | 58 (28) | 36 (23) | 28 (31) | |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 0.703 | ||||
| Never | 140 (17) | 29 (14) | 20 (13) | 18 (20) | |
| Former | 74 (9) | 19 (9) | 16 (10) | 6 (7) | |
| Current/recently quit | 616 (74) | 158 (77) | 121 (77) | 66 (73) | |
| Mean education, classified 1–7 (SD) | 3.5 (1.7) | 3.6 (1.9) | 3.6 (1.9) | 4.3 (1.9) | 0.009 |
| Inclusion diagnosis, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0 (0) | 168 (82) | 0 (0) | 68 (76) | |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 171 (21) | 13 (6) | 43 (28) | 7 (8) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 539 (65) | 10 (5) | 70 (45) | 7 (8) | |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 52 (6) | 4 (2) | 25 (16) | 3 (3) | |
| Other vascular disease | 66 (8) | 9 (4) | 18 (12) | 5 (6) | |
| Infarct lesions on brain MRI | |||||
| Mean number of infarcts (SD) | n.a. | 2.9 (2.3) | 1.9 (1.6) | n.a. | <0.001 |
| Presence of cortical infarcts | n.a. | 109 (53) | 41 (26) | n.a. | <0.001 |
| Presence of lacunes | n.a. | 132 (65) | 105 (67) | n.a. | 0.606 |
| Presence of large subcortical infarcts | n.a. | 13 (6) | 1 (1) | n.a. | 0.005 |
SD: standard deviation; n: number of cases.
Based on imputed data.