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. 2023 Mar 18;72(3):199–206. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.22-115

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Addition of TIP increases cellular CoQ levels in PC12 cells. (A) Microscopic photographs of PC12 cells treated with and without TIP and NGF. Scale bar = 200 μm. The concentration of NGF was 20 ng/ml. TIP consisted of 5 μg/ml transferrin, 10 μg/ml insulin, and 8 μM progesterone. (B) Administration of TIP enhanced the length of neuronal elongation. The concentration of NGF was 20 ng/ml. TIP consisted of 5 μg/ml transferrin, 10 μg/ml insulin, and 8 μM progesterone. The data were analyzed using Student’s t test are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). (C) CoQ levels corrected for protein in PC12 cells. The concentration of NGF was 20 ng/ml. TIP consisted of 5 μg/ml transferrin, 10 μg/ml insulin, and 8 μM progesterone. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 compared with NGF (−), TIP (−), and serum (+) group. (D) Time course of CoQ levels normalized to protein levels in PC12 cells treated without (black line) or with (gray line) TIP (5 μg/ml transferrin, 10 μg/ml insulin, and 8 μM progesterone). The data were analyzed using a Student’s t test and are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). *p<0.05 and **p<0.01 compared with and without TIP. (E) Measurement of CoQ levels in the presence insulin. In some experiments, transferrin and progesterone were also administrated. CoQ levels corrected for protein. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001 compared with insulin (−). (F) Analysis of the concentration dependence of each factor of TIP. Concentration of 1 factor was changed in the presence of other 2 factors. CoQ levels corrected for protein. White bar: control cells cultured with serum without TIP. Gray bar: Cells cultured without serum with various concentration of TIP. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). ***p<0.001 compared with 0 μg/ml transferrin, 0 μg/ml insulin, and 0 μM progesterone. #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 compared with 5 μg/ml transferrin, 10 μg/ml insulin, and 0 μM progesterone.