Table 3.

Meta-analytic results for all timepoint categories.

Time point	No. of trials	No. of effect sizes	Effect size (Cohen's d)	N intervention group	N control group	Confidence interval of effect size	Hetero-geneity (I2)	GRADE certainty of evidence	Publication bias
Across all time points	56	107	−0.37	3992	3478	−0.47, −0.27	76%	⨁⨁⨁◯ moderate	Not detected
Immediate	42	58	−0.46	2388	2062	−0.59, −0.33	76%	⨁⨁⨁◯ moderate	Not detected
1–6 months	18	31	−0.24	1901	1703	−0.37, −0.11	73%	⨁⨁◯◯ low	Not detected
7–24 months	12	18	−0.18	1264	1135	−0.34, −0.02	61%	⨁⨁◯◯ low	Detected