Table 1. Demographic Details and Baseline Screening Assessment Resultsa.
| Characteristic | Control group (n = 549)b | Group with delusions at baseline (n = 42) | Group with delusions at any time point (n = 179) | Control group vs group with delusions at baselinec | Control group vs group with delusions at any time pointc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 74.8 (7.5) | 76.0 (6.4) | 75.0 (7.2) | t589 = 1.01; P = .31 | t726 = −0.31; P = .76 |
| Sex | |||||
| Women | 224 (40.8) | 18 (42.9) | 93 (52.0) | χ2 = .07; P = .79 | χ2 = 6.83; P = .009 |
| Men | 325 (59.2) | 24 (57.1) | 86 (48.0) | ||
| Right-handed | 504 (91.8) | 38 (90.5) | 169 (94.4) | P = .77d | χ2 = 1.17; P = .33 |
| Education, y, mean (SD) | 15.6 (2.8) | 15.6 (2.8) | 15.4 (2.9) | t589 = 0.12; P = .91 | t726 = 0.89; P = .37 |
| Hallucinations at baseline | 8 (1.5) | 7 (16.7) | 16 (8.9) | P < .001d | χ2 = 23.70; P < .001 |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| Asian | 12 (2.2) | 2 (4.8) | 4 (2.2) | P = .04d | P = .06d |
| Black | 13 (2.4) | 4 (9.5) | 12 (6.7) | ||
| White | 519 (94.5) | 36 (85.7) | 162 (90.5) | ||
| Multiple racese | 5 (0.9) | 0 | 1 (0.6) | ||
| Diagnosis | |||||
| Cognitively normal | 21 (38.3) | 0 | 6 (3.4) | P = .003d | χ2 = 2.75; P = .25 |
| Amnestic MCI | 228 (41.5) | 8 (19.0) | 87 (48.6) | ||
| Alzheimer disease | 300 (54.6) | 34 (81.0) | 86 (48.0) | ||
| Medication | |||||
| ChEI or memantine | 400 (73.0) | 34 (81.0) | 123 (68.7) | χ2 = 1.27; P = .28 | χ2 = 1.22; P = .27 |
| Antidepressant | 179 (32.7) | 17 (40.5) | 72 (40.2) | χ2 = 1.07; P = .31 | χ2 = 3.41; P = .07 |
| Antipsychotic | 4 (0.7) | 4 (9.5) | 6 (3.4) | P = .001d | P = .02d |
| Screening assessment | |||||
| NPI-Q score, median (IQR)f | 1 (0 to 3) | 7 (5 to 9) | 3 (1 to 6) | U = 3032.0; P < .001 | U = 35 917.0; P < .001 |
| MMSE score, mean (SD)g | 25.0 (2.9) | 23.4 (2.7) | 25.1 (2.9) | t589 = −3.53; P < .001 | t726 = −0.10; P = .92 |
| GDS-15 score, median (IQR)h | 1 (1 to 2) | 1 (0 to 3) | 1 (1 to 2) | U = 10 948.0; P = .58 | U = 48 397.0; P = .76 |
| Category fluency score, mean (SD)i | 14.0 (5.4) | 11.5 (4.5) | 13.8 (4.9) | t588 = 2.92; P = .004 | t725 = 0.41; P = .68 |
Abbreviations: ChEI, cholinesterase inhibitor; GDS-15, short-form Geriatric Depression Scale; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NPI-Q, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire.
Unless indicated otherwise, values are presented as No. (%) of participants.
In the control group, there were 548 participants each for medication and category fluency.
For means (SDs), t values are presented with degrees of freedom. For medians (IQRs), U values are presented.
P value from the Fisher exact test.
Indicates participant self-reported as “more than 1 race” when demographic details were collected by Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative researchers.
Scores range from 0 to 36, where a higher score indicates greater burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Scores range from 0 to 30, where a higher score indicates better performance.
Scores range from 0 to 15, where a higher score indicates more symptoms of depression.
Score measured as the No. of animals named by the participant in 60 seconds, where a higher score indicates better performance.