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. 2023 May 24;80(8):778–786. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1265

Figure 4. Risk of New-Onset Mental Disorders After Hospitalization for COVID-19 or Non–COVID-19 Infections.

Figure 4.

Any incident mental disorder is defined as International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, codes F00 to F99. Due to Danish General Data Protection Regulation rules applied to the use of the nationwide registers, outcome results from groups with fewer than 5 individuals are prohibited to be displayed to ensure data privacy; thus, risk was not calculated in the group with influenza. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. Individuals with a prior hospitalization for a respiratory tract infection between 2010 and March 2020 were excluded prior to analysis to ensure that the hospital contact for other respiratory tract infections was new onset and not a recurrent condition. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, parental history of mental illness, Charlson Comorbidity Index, educational level, income, and work status. HRR indicates hazard rate ratio.

aNo statistical difference between COVID-19 and all other non–COVID-19 infections.