Fig. 5.

Bacteria-derived functional beads and hierarchical immobilization A. An illustration of bacteria-derived functional beads for multi-purpose. B. GFP and RFP E. coli encapsulation with/without hydrogel-shell. Soft agar overlay onto 2D agar plates was used to observe cell leakage at day 7. Scale bar is 2 mm. C-D. GFP and RFP E. coli encapsulation at different time points. Images of GFP and RFP E. coli hydrogel-shell beads illuminated by a hand-held 365 nm UV light. The core has an average diameter of 1.5 mm with 200 μm of layer thickness. Scale bar is 1 mm. E-F. Comparison of microscopic images of E. coli core and layer entrapment. Scale bar is 500 μm. G. Hierarchical encapsulation of two different type of microorganisms (E. coli and B. subtilis). The empty core has an average diameter of 1.5 mm. (1st layer, E. coli: 200 μm; 2nd layer, B. subtilis: 300 μm; and 3rd layer: 200 μm) The red dash box (lower-left) indicates the magnified image (upper-right) of the layered regions. Scale bar is 500 μm. H. Multilayered hydrogel beads for functional hierarchy. A representative image of stratified GFP and RFP E. coli immobilization, under room light (middle) and 365 nm UV light (lower). Images were taken under room light and 365 nm UV light. Scale bar is 500 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)