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. 2023 May 25;24(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s10194-023-01596-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Acute glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) administration produces transient allodynia and photophobia. A The schematic illustration of the von Frey test indicates the region where the von Frey stimulus was applied during testing. B and C Time course of GTN-induced changes in left hind paw (B) and head withdrawal thresholds (C) based on von Frey tests. D and G Example traces of mice in 20-min light-aversive test at 1 h (D) and 2 h (G) after VEH or GTN injection. E and H Average time spent in light for each group per 5-min interval (left panel) and over a total of 20 min (right panel) at 1 h (E) and 2 h (H) after VEH or GTN injection. F and I The number of transitions between zones expressed as the average for each group per 5-min interval (left panel) and during a total of 20 min (right panel) at 1 h (F) and 2 h (I) after VEH or GTN injection. n = 9 mice per group. Significance was assessed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc comparison between groups (B, C, E left panel, F left panel, H left panel, and I left panel) or by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (E right panel, F right panel, H right panel, and I right panel). All data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001