Table 3.

Univariate and multivariable linear regression with global QoL as dependent variable

Variables	Univariate analysis	Multivariable analysis
	Beta coefficient (SE) [95% CI]	Beta coefficient (SE) [95% CI]
Age (in years)	−0.12 (0.07) [−0.26, 0.01] *	NS
Formal schooling  Yes (Reference)  No	Reference −8.59 (3.36) [−15.22, −1.97] **	NS
Monthly family income (PKR/USD)  No income  6000–25000/38–151  25000–40000/151–242  40000–80000/242–484  80000–1500000/484–1028 (Reference)	−9.06 (3.69) [−16.3, −1.78] ** −11.77 (2.70) [−17.10, −0.64] ** −6.17 (3.18) [−12.44, 0.08] * −3.56 (2.26) [−8.03,0.90] * Reference	−10.95 (3.09) [−17.04, −4.87] ** −11.84 (2.26) [−16.29, −7.38] ** −8.75 (2.66) [−13.99, −3.51] ** −3.88 (1.89) [−7.61, 0.16] Reference
Hypertension	−5.35 (2.18) [−9.66, −1.04] **	−5.53 (1.788) [−9.05, −2.02] **
T2DM	−4.56 (2.64) [−9.77, 0.65] *	NS
Smokeless tobacco use  Current user  Ex-user  Never used (Reference)	−15.12 (6.480) [−27.88, −2.35] ** 0.36 (3.44) [−6.42, 7.15] Reference	NS
Status of cancer treatment  Complete (reference)  ongoing	Reference −2.44 (1.89) [−6.17, 1.28] *	NS
Using urine catheter	−22.85 (6.59) [−35.85, −9.87] **	−13.55 (5.64) [−24.66, −2.43] **
Social support   ≤ 18 (Low social support)   > 18 (High social support) (reference)	−14.98 (6.10) [−27.00, −2.95] ** Reference	−28.16 (13.35) [−1.84, −54.49] ** Reference
Depression  0–7 (normal) (reference)  8–10 (mild depression)  11–21 (symptomatic depression)	Reference −18.40 (3.68) [−25.66, −11.14] ** −26.41 (4.13) [−34.54, −18.27] **	Reference −15.31 (3.51) [−22.23, −8.39)] ** −23.84 (4.16) [−32.05, −15.64] **
Anxiety  0–7 (normal) (reference)  8–10 (Mild anxiety)  11–21 (symptomatic anxiety)	Reference −20.03 (3.62) [−27.16, −12.90] ** −15.6 (6.32) −28.12, −3.19] **	Reference −13.22 (3.24) [−19.61, −6.83] ** 0.34 (6.17) [−11.81, 12.51]

SE standard error, CI confidence interval

^* p < 0.2 on univariable analysis

^** p < 0.05