Table 1.
Period analysis of the clinical activity at the PHOU and IFD epidemiological and clinical characteristics
| PHOU activity | Period 1 (1/2006 - 8/2010) | Period 2 (9/2010 – 4/2015) | Period 3 (5/2015- 12/2019) | p |
| No. admissions | 1881 | 2041 | 3077 | <0.001 |
| No. HSCT ` | 13 | 28 | 49 | 0.008 |
| No. IFD /1000 admissions | 4.8 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 0.674 |
| IFD characteristics | Period 1 n=9 | Period 2 n=8 | Period 3 n=11 | p |
| Type of infection | ||||
| Mold infection | 4 (44.4%) | 8 (100%) | 11 (100%) | 0.002(1) |
| Yeast infection | 5 (55.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.002(1) |
| Site of disease | ||||
| Bloodstream | 5 (55.6%) | 0.002(1) | ||
| Bronchopulmonary | 4 (44.4%) | 8 (100%) | 11 (100%) | 0.002(1) |
| Rhino-sinusitis | 2 (18.2%) | 0.201 | ||
| Age (years) | 6.5 (1.4-14.5) | 8.9 (3.2 -11.2) | 12.3 (9.8-15.7) | 0.173 |
| Number of host factors | 1 (0-4) | 4 (1-5) | 3 (1-5) | 0.028(2) |
| Host factors | ||||
| Prolonged neutropenia | 1 (20%) | 5 (71.4%) | 3 (27.3%) | 0.182 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 2 (22.2%) | 4 (50%) | 8 (72.7%) | 0.077 |
| Allogeneic HSCT | 2 (22.2%) | 5 (62.5%) | 4 (36.4%) | 0.264 |
| Prolonged use of steroids | 1 (33.3%) | 3 (37.5%) | 7 (63.6%) | 0.505 |
| Acute GVHD | 0 (0%) | 3 (37.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.178 |
| Chronic GVHD | 1 (11.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 1.000 |
| Risk stratification | ||||
| High-risk | 3 (33.3%) | 7 (87.5%) | 10 (90.9%) | 0.012(3) |
| Low-risk | 2 (22.2%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.258 |
| Sporadic | 4 (44.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0.045(2) |
| Breakthrough IFD | 3 (33.3%) | 7 (87.5%) | 10 (90.9%) | 0.012(3) |
| IFD diagnosis | ||||
| Proven IFD | 5 (55.6%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.007(1) |
| Probable IFD | 1 (11.1%) | 4 (50%) | 3 (27.3%) | 0.328 |
| Possible IFD | 3 (33.3%) | 3 (37.5%) | 8 (72.7%) | 0.060 |
| Treatment duration (days) | 51 (16-70) | 23 (8-43) | 67 (42-72) | 0.037(4) |
| Outcome | ||||
| PICU admission | 1 (11.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.066 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0 (0%) | 3 (37.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0.080 |
| Inotropic support | 0 (0%) | 2 (25%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0.352 |
| Exitus | 0 (0%) | 4 (50%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.047(5) |
Data presented correspond to n (%) for categorical parameters and median (IQR) for continuous variables. Bold numbers: values that are statistically significant
Abbreviations: GVHD Graft-versus-host disease, HSCT Hematopoietic stem cell transplant, IFD Invasive fungal disease, IQR Interquartile range, PICU Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, PHOU Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit
(1)difference between group 1 and group 3 in the post-hoc analyses (p=0.008)
(2)group 1 is different from groups 2 and 3 in the post-hoc analyses
(3)difference between group 1 and group 3 in the post-hoc analyses (p=0.017)
(4)difference between group 2 and group 3 in the post-hoc analyses (p=0.019)
(5)no differences between groups in the post-hoc analyses