Table 5.
Differences between surviving and non-surviving patients
| Survivors (n=22) |
Non-survivors (n=6) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type of infection | |||
| Mold infection | 17 (77.3%) | 6 (100%) | 0.553 |
| Yeast infection | 5 (22.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Site of disease | |||
| Bronchopulmonary disease | 17 (77.3%) | 6 (100%) | 0.553 |
| Bloodstream disease | 5 (22.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Epidemiological data | |||
| Age (years) | 10.1 (6.3-14.9) | 6.9 (2.2-16) | 0.566 |
| Sex: male | 10 (45.5%) | 4 (66.7%) | 0.648 |
| Number of host factors | 2 (1-3.3) | 3 (2.5-4) | 0.188 |
| Host factors | |||
| Prolonged neutropenia | 7 (38.9%) | 2 (40%) | 1.000 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 9 (40.9%) | 5 (83.3%) | 0.165 |
| Allogeneic HSCT | 8 (36.4%) | 3 (50%) | 0.653 |
| Prolonged use of corticosteroids | 7 (43.8%) | 4 (66.7%) | 0.635 |
| Acute GVHD | 3 (13.6%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0.285 |
| Chronic GVHD | 2 (9.1%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0.191 |
| Risk stratification | |||
| High-risk | 15 (68.2%) | 5 (83.3%) | 0.640 |
| Low-risk | 2 (9.1%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0.530 |
| Sporadic | 5 (27.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.553 |
| Antifungal prophylaxis | 15 (68.2%) | 5 (83.3%) | 0.640 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 8.9 (8.2-11.2) | 8.2 (7.5-10.5) | 0.243 |
| Platelets x103/µL | 51 (27.5-114) | 40.5 (10.3-66.5) | 0.221 |
| Leukocytes/µL | 1200 (250-1200) | 1350 (175-5000) | 0.748 |
| Neutrophils/µL; median (IQR) | 200 (7-3975) | 100 (0-4250) | 0.516 |
| Lymphocytes/µL; median (IQR) | 500 (200-1320) | 450 (100-950) | 0.823 |
| CRP (mg/dl) at diagnosis | 3.9 (0.7-8.6) | 10.1 (4.8-33.3) | 0.056 |
| Maximum CRP (mg/dl) | 11.5 (2.2-20.1) | 13.5 (10.1-34.7) | 0.238 |
| Procalcitonine (ng/ml) at diagnosis | 0.1 (0.07-0.7) | 0.2 (0.09-4.2) | 0.688 |
| Maximum procalcitonine (ng/ml) | 0.7 (0.3-1.8) | 0.6 (0.3-4.2) | 0.556 |
| GM in serum (mold infections) | 0.25 (0.13-0.6) | 0.6 (0.34-4.7) | 0.085 |
| GM in BAL (mold infections) | 0.19 (0.13-1.84) | 0.2 (0.19-0.2) | 0.923 |
| IFD diagnosis | |||
| Proven IFD | 5 (22.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | 1.000 |
| Probable IFD | 6 (27.3%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1.000 |
| Possible IFD | 11 (50%) | 3 (50%) | 1.000 |
| Treatment duration (days) | 51 (37-72) | 11 (6-32) | 0.003 |
| Outcome | |||
| PICU admission | 4 (18.2%) | 4 (66.7%) | 0.038 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0 (0%) | 3 (50%) | 0.006 |
| Inotropic support | 1 (4.5%) | 3 (50%) | 0.022 |
Data presented correspond to n (%) for categorical parameters and median (IQR) for continuous variables. Bold numbers: values that are statistically significant
Abbreviations: CRP C-reactive protein, GM Galactomannan, GVHD Graft-versus-host disease, HSCT Hematopoietic stem cell transplant, IFD Invasive fungal disease, IQR Interquartile range, PICU Pediatric Intensive Care Unit