Table 1.

Pathologic causes of gynecomastia (8).

Endocrine Testicular Hypogonadism Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) Adrenal Congenital adrenal Hyperplasia Cushing syndrome Thyroid Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Disorder of sexual differentiation Androgen insensitivity syndrome 17-B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency Aromatase excess syndrome

Systemic Chronic liver disease Chronic kidney disease Refeeding syndrome Malnutrition

Neoplasms Breast carcinoma Testicular tumors Leydig cell Sertoli cell Adrenal cortical carcinoma Lung carcinoma Liver carcinoma hCG-secreting tumors

Infections HIV

Other Obesity