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. 2023 May 25;16(8):1236–1243. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.025

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© 2023 The Author(s)

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 3 — Comparison of QALYs lost per 100,000 population in each epidemic wave. Wave 1; 01/01/2020–05/31/2020, Wave 2; 06/01/2020–10/31/2020, Wave 3; 11/01/2020–03/31/2021, Wave 4; 4/1/2021–6/30/2021, Wave 5; 7/1/2021–12/31/2021. Light grey bars represent QALYs lost due to morbidity and dark grey bars represent QALYs lost due to mortality. QALYs; Quality-adjusted life years. Panel a: Disease burden in total population. Panel b: Disease burden in population under 40. Panel c: Disease burden in population between age 40 and 69. Panel d: Disease burden in population 70 and over.