Table 1.
Incidences of apnea and hypopnea frequencies in various parts of the world
| Country/Region | Study population | Year(s) of data collection | Age range (years) | Scoring criteria | AHI ≥5 | AHI ≥15 | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | ||||||
| USA | 1520 adult employed individuals in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study | 1988–2011 | 30–70 | AASM 2007 | 33.9% | 17.4% | 13.0% | 5.6% | Peppard et al. (2013)9 |
| USA | 5,804 participants in the Sleep Heart Health Study Cohort | 1995–2006 | å 40 | AASM 2012 | 32.4% | 25.3% | 26% | 12.3% | Donovan et al. (2016)664 |
| Hong Kong | 153 male office-based workers in Hong Kong | 1997–1999 | 30–60 | AASM 2007 | 8.8% | - | 5.3% | - | Mary et al. (2001)665 |
| Hong Kong | 106 female office staff members of public institutions in Hong Kong | 1998–2000 | 30–60 | AASM 2007 | - | 3.7% | - | 1.9% | Mary et al. (2004)666 |
| Australia | 380 residents of the rural town of Busselton in the state of Western Australia who were participants in the Busselton Health Study | 1990 | 40–65 | AASM 2012 | 25.5% | 23.5% | 4.7% | 4.9% | Marshall et al. (2008)667 |
| Japan | 322 male employees of a wholesale company | 2004–2005 | 23–59 | AASM 2012 | 59.7% | - | 22.3% | - | Yukiyo et al. (2008)668 |
| Singapore | 242 individuals in the Singapore Health Study 2012 | 2012 | 21–79 | AASM 2012 | 70.8% | 70.8% | 30.5% | 30.5% | Adeline et al. (2016)669 |
| Switzerland | 2121 participants in the HypnoLaus Sleep Cohort study | 2009–2013 | 40–85 | AASM 2012 | 83.8% | 60.8% | 49.7% | 23.4% | Heinzer et al. (2015)670 |
| Russia | 1050 participants in the ARKH sleep study | 2014–2018 | 30–70 | AASM 2017 | 14.1% | 19.5% | 3.7% | 5.9% | Anna et al. (2020)671 |
| Brazil | 1042 volunteers in the Sao Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study | 2008 | 20–80 | AASM 2007 | 46.5% | 30.6% | 24.8% | 9.6% | Sergio et al. (2010)672 |
| Germany | 1208 persons who participated in SHIP‐Trend | 2008–2012 | 20–81 | AASM 2007 | 59% | 33% | 30% | 13% | Ingo et al. (2019)673 |
| Iceland | 415 subjects in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey | 2012–2013 | 40–65 | AASM 2007 | 13.3% | 10.8% | 10.6% | 4.8% | Arnardottir et al. (2016)674 |
| New Zealand | 364 Māori and non-Māori New Zealanders | 1999–2001 | 30–59 | AASM 2007 | 12.5% | 3.4% | 3.9% | 0.2% | Mihaere et al. (2009)675 |
| Norway | 518 subjects in the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project | 2006–2008 | 30–65 | AASM 2007 | 21% | 13% | 11% | 6% | Harald et al. (2011)676 |
| Spain | 2148 subjects from Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country (Spain) | 1993–1997 | 30–70 | AASM 2007 | 26.2% | 28% | 14.2% | 7% | Durán et al. (2001)677 |
| South Korea | 457 participants of a study that included residents of Ansan community (Southwest Seoul) | 2001 | 40–69 | AASM 2007 | 21.7% | 16.8% | 10.1% | 4.7% | Kim et al. (2004)678 |
| Poland | 676 adult inhabitants of Warsaw in the MONICA II study | 1993 | 41–72 | AASM 2007 | 36.2% | 18.4% | 15.8% | 7.6% | Robert et al. (2008)679 |
| India | 365 subjects from the South Delhi district | 2005–2007 | 30–65 | Chicago 1999 | 13.5% | 6.1% | 5.5% | 6.1% | Reddy et al. (2009)680 |
| China | 309 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing | 2016–2017 | 40–70 | AASM 2012 | 68.3% | 62.4% | 38% | 30.7% | Ding et al. (2022)681 |
| Chile | 205 Chilean adults enrolled in the 2016/17 National Health Survey | 2016–2017 | 18–84 | AASM 2007 | 62% | 31% | 21% | 13% | Fernando et al. (2020)682 |
| Canada | 215 individuals in the First Nations Sleep Health Project | 2018–2019 | 18–76 | AASM 2017 | 51.1% | 41.7% | 14.8% | 9.4% | James et al. (2022)683 |
We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Finally, high-quality and representative studies from 19 countries or regions were included
AASM American Academy of Sleep Medicine, AHI apnea-hypopnea index