Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 25.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;983:147–157. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4310-9_10

Fig. 10.1. Schematic diagram showing how CRISPR/Cas9 system is used for genome engineering.

Fig. 10.1

(a) Cas9 is guided by an sgRNA to a specific DNA locus, where HNH and RuvC nuclease domains cut the double-strand DNA to form a double-stranded break (DSB). The generated DSB is further repaired, either by the error-prone nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway or by high-fidelity homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway when a repair DNA template is present. (b) Activation or repression domain is fused to the catalytically inactive Cas9 variant for gene regulation