Table 2.

Mean VAS, FSS, HADS-anxiety, HADS-depression, and SF-12 scores at initial, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up evaluations in female and male COVID-19 patients

Evaluation time	Male (n=49)	Female (n=51)	p
Age (y)	54.49±13.27	52.45±12.31	0.42
VAS
Initial	24.48±32.58a)	37.64±37.04a)	0.071
1 Month	11.22±18.1	20.39±23.36b)	0.040
3 Months	2.75±8.35b)	8.33±12.35c)	0.007
p*	<0.001	<0.001
FSS
Initial	4.99±1.88a)	5.11±1.55a)	0.825
1 Month	3.32±1.83b)	3.54±1.77b)	0.508
3 Months	2.38±1.85c)	2.71±1.63c)	0.229
p*	<0.001	<0.001
HADS-anxiety
Initial	9.93±5.19a)	9.92±5.29a)	0.975
1 Month	4.18±.08b)	4.76±4.28b)	0.390
3 Months	2.42±3.98c)	2.76±3.78c)	0.409
p*	<0.001	<0.001
HADS-depression
Initial	10.28±5.88a)	10.27±5.83a)	0.981
1 Month	3.95±4.43b)	4.29±4.15b)	0.413
3 Months	2.87±5.16c)	2.49±3.67c)	0.243
p*	<0.001	<0.001
SF-12
1 Month	74.57±15.71	75.31±15.03	0.970
3 Months	86.83±16.36	87.68±15.58	0.869
p *	<0.001	<0.001

Data are presented as mean±standard deviation.

VAS, visual analog scale (for measuring pain); FSS, fatigue severity scale; HADS, hospital anxiety depression scale; SF-12, short form-12 (quality of life questionnaire); COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

^a-c)Different letters in the same column indicate within-group differences.

^*Significance level of intragroup data; p-values <0.05 indicate statistical significance.