Table 2.
Step 1, population characteristics a | Step 2 neighborhood characteristics b | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude RR (95% CI) | p-value | aRR (95% CI) | p-value | aRR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Population Characteristics (%) | ||||||
Under 18 years of age | 0.41 (0.18, 0.94) | 0.03 | 0.35 (0.15, 0.83) | 0.02 | 0.66 (0.29, 1.51) | 0.32 |
White, NH | 0.95 (0.70, 1.31) | 0.77 | - | - | - | - |
Black, NH | 0.78 (0.54, 1.12) | 0.17 | - | - | - | - |
AI/AN, NH | 1.55 (0.80, 2.97) | 0.20 | - | - | - | - |
Asian, NH | 0.67 (0.14, 3.19) | 0.62 | - | - | - | - |
Hispanic | 1.52 (1.08, 2.15) | 0.02 | 1.14 (0.74, 1.76) | 0.54 | - | - |
Living Below Poverty | 3.97 (2.72, 5.80) | <.01 | 2.77 (1.72, 4.48) | <.01 | 1.19 (0.65, 2.18) | 0.57 |
Unemployed | 0.96 (0.78, 1.18) | 0.69 | - | - | - | - |
Uninsured | 5.26 (3.01, 9.17) | <.01 | 2.11 (1.03, 4.29) | 0.04 | 3.41 (1.66, 7.01) | <.01 |
Neighborhood Characteristics | ||||||
Location Type, (%) | <.01 | - | - | <.01 | ||
Rural | 0.76 (0.66, 0.87) | - | - | 0.90 (0.76, 1.05) | ||
Suburban | REF | - | - | REF | ||
Town | 1.28 (1.07, 1.52) | - | - | 1.03 (0.86, 1.23) | ||
City | 0.81 (0.70, 0.94) | - | - | 0.79 (0.68, 0.92) | ||
Percent Vacant Units | 1.27 (0.75, 2.17) | 0.38 | - | - | - | - |
Percent Rental Households | 3.25 (2.61, 4.04) | <.01 | - | - | 2.64 (1.85, 3.77) | <.01 |
No. Hospital | 1.32 (1.20, 1.45) | <.01 | - | - | 0.89 (0.80, 1.00) | 0.04 |
No. Physician | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.35 | - | - | - | - |
No. School | 1.04 (1.01, 1.06) | 0.02 | - | - | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | <.01 |
No. Pharmacy | 1.32 (1.27, 1.36) | <.01 | - | - | 1.29 (1.24, 1.35) | <.01 |
Total Crime Rate | 0.97 (0.88, 1.08) | 0.55 | - | - | - | - |
Note. RR= risk ratio; aRR=adjusted risk ratio; NH= non-Hispanic; No. = Number.
controlled for: Under 18, Hispanic, living below poverty, and uninsured.
controlled for: Under 18, uninsured, location type, household renters, hospital count, physician count, and pharmacy count.