Figure 2.

Cardiac energetics (PCr/ATP).

Cardiac energetics (PCr/ATP) defined by phosphorus-31 (³¹P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy violin plots (including median and interquartile range) for the placebo and the empagliflozin treatment groups at baseline and 12 weeks after the respective treatment. PCr/ATP remained unchanged in both HFrEF (A) and HFpEF (B) after 12 weeks of empagliflozin treatment at rest (top row) and during dobutamine stress (middle row), with 65% of age-maximum heart rate (ie, 220-age). Furthermore, the difference of PCr/ATP at rest minus dobutamine stress (ΔPCr/ATP) from baseline to week 12 was equally unchanged (bottom row). Subgroup analyses in HFrEF (C) and HFpEF (D), including the overall presence or absence of T2D, AF, and eGFR, were consistent with the overall neutral results. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Empa, empagliflozin; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; PBO, placebo; and PCr/ATP, phosphocreatine/ATP ratio.