FIGURE 5.

CNPG sustainably releases key factors in 5C medium and induces transdifferentiation in vitro and in vivo. (A,B) 3C medium‐induced transdifferentiation in vitro. (C,D) Schematic overview of 3C medium‐induced transdifferentiation in vivo (C). The amounts NeuN⁺GFAP⁺EdU⁺ cells were summarized in (D). (E) CNPs were loaded with insulin, bFGF and transferrin by covalent crosslinking. The vehicle or loaded CNPs were incorporated into GelMA scaffolds to generate vehicle and loaded CNPG, respectively. (F,G) The chemical and physical properties of the vehicle or loaded CNPs were characterized. (H) The cytocompatibility of the vehicle or loaded CNPs was evaluated with aCCK8 test. (I) Profile of insulin, bFGF and transferrin release from 1 mL loaded CNPs. (J,K) 5C medium and loaded CNPG induced transdifferentiation in vitro. Representative immunofluorescence images were provided in (J) and the results were summarized in (K). (L) 5C medium and loaded CNPG induced transdifferentiation in vivo. The amounts of NeuN⁺GFAP⁺EdU⁺ cells were summarized. Experiments were repeated for at least six times (n ≥ 6). Each animal group included at least six mice and at least seven frozen sections from each mouse (n ≥ 42) (L). Error bars represented standard deviations except standard errors in (D and M). Student two‐tailed t‐test was used. Additional statistic information could be found in Table S2.