Figure 2.

Comparison of the exhaustion marker expression in CD4⁺ T cells among patients with lymphedema, post-lymphatic venous anastomosis (LVA), and healthy controls (HCs)

Expression of (A) PD-1, (B) Tim-3, (C) Lag-3, and (D) PD-1⁺Tim3⁺ on CD4⁺ T cells.

(E) Correlation between exhaustion marker and severity of the extremity lymphedema (EL) index, rate of change of exhaustion marker, and rate of improvement of the EL index. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01. Non-parametric, independent, and paired continuous variables were compared using Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test, respectively. Data are represented as median +/− interquartile range.