Figure 3.

Comparison of exhaustion marker expression in CD8⁺ T cells among patients with lymphedema, post-lymphatic venous anastomosis (LVA), and healthy controls (HCs)

Expression of (A) PD-1, (B) Tim-3, (C) Lag-3, and (D) PD-1⁺Tim3⁺ on CD8⁺ T cells.

(E) Correlation between exhaustion marker and severity of extremity lymphedema (EL) index, rate of change of exhaustion marker, and rate of improvement of the EL index. ∗p < 0.05. Non-parametric, independent, and paired continuous variables were compared using Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test, respectively. Data are represented as median +/− interquartile range.