Table 3.

Effect of manganese (Mn) and manganese nanoparticles (Mn-NPs on glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus for a period of 96 h.

Manganese exposure (mg/L)	Glutathione-s-transferase (GST)				Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
	Liver	Gill	Brain	Kidney	Liver	Gill	Brain	Kidney
Control (Mn-0, Mn-NPs-0)	0.14a ± 0.01	0.11a ± 0.02	0.14a ± 0.01	0.23a ± 0.02	1.62a ± 0.20	1.13a ± 0.12	0.82a ± 0.06	1.76a ± 0.47
Mn-110	0.25bc ± 0.03	0.22c ± 0.04	0.19b ± 0.03	0.34bc ± 0.06	3.90b ± 0.38	2.94b ± 0.34	2.98b ± 0.38	3.44b ± 0.60
Mn-111	0.29c ± 0.02	0.18bc ± 0.02	0.22bc ± 0.03	0.41c ± 0.02	3.56b ± 0.16	2.97b ± 0.39	3.12b ± 0.18	4.46c ± 0.40
Mn-112	0.39e ± 0.04	0.36de ± 0.02	0.26c ± 0.01	0.40c ± 0.02	4.10c ± 0.60	3.17bc ± 0.41	3.33b ± 0.32	3.59b ± 0.36
Mn-113	0.50f ± 0.05	0.48f ± 0.05	0.35cd ± 0.02	0.30b ± 0.04	4.28c ± 0.38	3.79c ± 0.38	3.48b ± 0.64	4.87c ± 0.45
Mn-114	0.44ef ± 0.05	0.46f ± 0.04	0.38d ± 0.05	0.57e ± 0.04	5.08d ± 0.25	3.85c ± 0.81	4.36c ± 0.16	5.21d ± 0.67
Mn-NPs-91	0.21b ± 0.02	0.16b ± 0.02	0.17ab ± 0.02	0.33bc ± 0.02	3.66b ± 0.33	3.18bc ± 0.52	3.29b ± 0.32	3.99bc ± 0.75
Mn-NPs-92	0.26bc ± 0.04	0.22c ± 0.03	0.23bc ± 0.04	0.39c ± 0.07	3.68b ± 0.51	4.02c ± 0.56	3.68b ± 0.24	4.00bc ± 0.15
Mn-NPs-93	0.34d ± 0.03	0.21c ± 0.04	0.23bc ± 0.03	0.40c ± 0.06	4.52c ± 0.48	3.42bc ± 0.39	3.71b ± 0.31	4.18bc ± 0.43
Mn-NPs-94	0.47f ± 0.02	0.33d ± 0.01	0.26c ± 0.02	0.40c ± 0.04	4.62c ± 0.11	3.37bc ± 0.26	3.77b ± 0.65	4.28bc ± 0.55
Mn-NPs-95	0.39e ± 0.03	0.38e ± 0.02	0.27c ± 0.04	0.48d ± 0.03	4.69c ± 0.21	4.75d ± 0.70	4.07c ± 0.28	4.80c ± 0.46
p-value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

Values in the same column with different superscript (a, b, c, d, e, f) differ significantly (p < 0.01). Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 6). GST and GPx: Units/mg protein.