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. 2023 May 25;14:3012. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38303-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Three conformations of pendrin-Cl/HCO₃. b Details of the open cavity of TMD in outward-open protomer. Densities representing two anions are shown in mesh mode. Interactions of Q230 and K237 proximal to the densities are shown. c Section of the open cavity of TMD in outward-open protomer, shown as the electrostatic potential surface. d Structural superimposition of the TMDs of inward (orchid and grey) state and outward state (cyan and grey) of pendrin. e Details of d. Densities representing anions are shown in mesh mode. Gradient arrows indicate the pathway of anion from the inward-state binding pocket to the outward-state binding pocket, and finally to the open cavity. f The core region of (b). g Details of f. As the core region rotates, the anion-binding pocket indicated by the translucent tetragon translates 9 Å towards the extracellular side. h STAS domain of inward state of pendrin-Cl/HCO₃. i Structural superimposition of the STAS domains of inward (orchid) and outward state (cyan). j Differences of the helix Cα1b among four protomers. Inward-inward (orchid), outward-outward (cyan), inward-outward protomer A(pink), and inward-outward protomer B (light blue).