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. 2023 May 12;14:1186841. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1186841

Figure 4.

Figure 4

L-leucine activates electron transfer chain. (A) L-leucine increases the intracellular ATP concentration of SAR-R and clinical drug-resistant Salmonella in the presence 20 mM L-leucine. (B) RT-qPCR of key gene expression of electron transfer chain in SAR-R in the presence of 20 mM L-leucine. nuoI, NADH dehydrogenase I chain I; ndh, NADH:quinone reductase; cyoB, cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase subunit I; atpA, atpD, atpG, atpH and atpC, membrane-bound ATP synthase, F1 sector, alpha-subunit, beta-subunit, gamma-subunit, delta-subunit, and epsilon-subunit. Results are displayed as the mean ± SEM and three biological repeats are carried out. Significant differences are identified (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001), determined by unpaired t-test.