Table 2.
Summary of epidemiological and animal evidence on the potential damage of BPA to diabetic coronary heart disease.
| First author, Year | study design | study object | Main findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avinash Soundararajan, | cross-sectional study | human | In patients with T2DM, elevated BPA levels are associated with cellular senescence, proinflammation, poor glycemic control, insulin resistance, and telomere shortening. | [13] |
| Ziwei Chen, 2022 | cross-sectional study | human | BPA was associated with CVD risk in a J-curve relationship. | [72] |
| Fanny Rancière, 2015 | meta-analysis | human | Individuals with higher urinary BPA concentrations are more likely to develop diabetes, general/abdominal obesity, and hypertension than those with lower urinary BPA concentrations. | [73] |
| P Monica Lind, 2011 | cross-sectional study | human | Phthalates and BPA have been linked to plaque echo. | [74] |
| Pei-Lun Chu, 2021 | cross-sectional study | human | In the presence of elevated BPA levels, there is a higher risk of thicker CIMT associated with altered MPs. BPA exposure is associated with endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis in younger populations. | [75] |
| David Melzer, 2012 | prospective study | human | The association between higher BPA exposure, as reflected by higher urinary concentrations, and CHD events over a follow-up period of more than ten years showed a similar trend to the cross-sectional findings reported previously for higher exposure NHANES respondents. | [76] |
| Chunyun Hu, 2019 | nested case-control study | human | BPA exposure is positively associated with diabetes and coronary heart disease. | [77] |
| Alice Marmugi, 2014 | animal experiment | mice | Chronic BPA exposure overexpresses genes critical for cholesterol biosynthesis, resulting in hypercholesterolemia in mice. | [78] |
| Yipeng Sui, 2014 | animal experiment | mice | BPA exposure did not affect plasma lipid levels but increased CD36 expression and lipid accumulation in mouse macrophages. | [79] |
Annotation: BPA: Bisphenol A; CHD: Coronary Heart Disease; CIMT: Carotid artery Intima-Media Thickness; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; MPs: Microparticles; NHANES: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey; PXR: Pregnane X Receptor; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.