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. 2023 May 12;11:1159004. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159004

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

(A) System architecture of a CMOS capacitance sensor. The sensor consists of 16 individually-addressable capacitance-to-frequency pixels, and each pixel includes a ring oscillator circuit. (B) Top view of an interdigitated electrode. (C) Cross-sectional view showing the sensor’s transduction mechanism.