Table 2.

Results of multiple linear regression analysis on depression symptoms in rural and urban areas.

Variables	Categories	Rural		Urban
		β (SE)	p-value	β (SE)	p-value
Age (years)		0.044 (0.021)	<0.05	0.002 (0.018)	0.898
Sex	Male	Ref		Ref
	Female	0.339 (0.316)	0.285	0.301 (0.294)	0.307
Education level	Illiteracy	Ref		Ref
	Junior high school and below	−0.713 (0.296)	<0.05	0.049 (0.335)	0.884
	High school and above	−1.038 (2.573)	0.687	−0.504 (0.453)	0.267
Marital status	Not married	Ref		Ref
	Married	−0.262 (0.348)	0.452	−0.401 (0.324)	0.217
Sense of economic security	No	Ref		Ref
	Yes	−1.594 (0.265)	<0.001	−2.787 (0.329)	<0.001
Self-rated health	Very poor	Ref		Ref
	Poor	0.417 (0.678)	0.538	−2.494 (0.792)	<0.01
	Fair	−1.800 (0.644)	<0.01	−5.501 (0.731)	<0.001
	Good	−2.075 (0.690)	<0.01	−6.365 (0.760)	<0.001
	Very good	−2.977 (0.877)	<0.001	−7.451 (0.962)	<0.001
Alcohol drinking	No	Ref		Ref
	Yes	−0.376 (0.339)	0.267	0.386 (0.282)	0.171
Smoking status	No	Ref		Ref
	Yes	0.039 (0.333)	0.908	−0.606 (0.327)	0.065
Subjective age	Old	Ref		Ref
	Not old	0.672 (0.350)	0.055	0.875 (0.280)	<0.01
Live with family members	No	Ref		Ref
	Yes	0.340 (0.355)	0.338	0.409 (0.417)	0.327
Instrumental support from children	No	Ref		Ref
	Yes	−0.267 (0.424)	0.529	−1.276 (0.442)	<0.01
Perception of children’s filial piety	No	Ref		Ref
	Yes	−1.512 (0.309)	<0.001	−0.836 (0.321)	<0.01
Social connectivity with family		−0.074 (0.019)	<0.001	−0.012 (0.013)	0.347
Social connectivity with friends		0.011 (0.020)	0.571	−0.040 (0.014)	<0.01