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. 2023 Apr 19;4(5):101020. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101020

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© 2023 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Spread of AMPAR-coupled theta activity changes underlies the progression to FBTCS

(A) The EEG law data in the patient with FBTCs with the highest (top) and lowest (bottom) gamma power at the F8 electrode that correlated with SUVR_30–50 min.

(B) The power spectrum density in the patient with FBTCSs with the highest (left) and lowest (right) gamma power at the F8 electrode that correlated with SUVR_30–50 min. The power spectral density of the EEG was calculated by averaging short-time Fourier transforms of 2-s moving windows.

(C) SPM analysis of [¹¹C]K-2 in patients with FBTCSs identifies the brain regions showing a significant positive correlation between SUVR_30–50 min with white matter as a reference and the amplitude of gamma activity in the F8 electrode site (p < 0.05, T > 1.49, one-tailed, FDRc). Color scale bar indicates T value of this correlation. R, right side; L, left side; A, anterior side; P, posterior side.

(D) Scatterplot analysis of [¹¹C]K-2 in patients with the FBTCSs shows strong positive correlation between [¹¹C]K-2 SUVR_30–50 min of colored region in (C) and the amplitude of gamma activity in the F8 electrode site (n = 17, Spearman correlation analysis; correlation coefficient = 0.5074, p = 0.0397). Each spot corresponds to SUVR_30–50 min (x axis) and the amplitude of the gamma activity at F8 (y axis) of a single patient, and 17 spots obtained from 17 patients are displayed.

(E) SPM analysis of [¹¹C]K-2 in patients with FBTCSs identifies the brain regions showing a significant negative correlation between SUVR_30–50 min with white matter as a reference and the amplitude of theta activity in the T5 electrode site (p < 0.05, T > 1.49, one-tailed, FDRc). Color scale bar indicates T value of this correlation. R, right side; L, left side; A, anterior side; P, posterior side.

(F) Scatterplot analysis of [¹¹C]K-2 in patients with FBTCSs shows strong negative correlation between [¹¹C]K-2 SUVR_30–50 min of colored region in (E) and the amplitude of theta activity in the T5 electrode site (n = 17, Pearson correlation analysis; correlation coefficient = −0.5764, p = 0.0154). Each spot corresponds to SUVR_30–50 min (x axis) and the amplitude of the theta activity at T5 (y axis) of single patient, and 17 spots obtained from 17 patients are displayed.

(G) The brain regions of positive AMPAR-gamma activity coupling shown in (C) and negative AMPAR-theta activity coupling shown in (E) are complementary (note that overlapped regions highlighted by green color are limited) in patients with FBTCSs. Orange scale bar indicates T value of positive AMPAR-gamma activity coupling and blue scale bar indicates T value of negative AMPAR-theta activity coupling. R, right side; L, left side; A, anterior side; P, posterior side.