Table 3.
Univariate Analysis to Identify Predictors for the Failure of SSM.
| Details | Patients (n = 185) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SSM successful (n = 129) | SSM failure (n = 56) | ||
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Male, n (%) | 68 (53%) | 30 (54%) | 0.91 |
| Age in years, median [IQR] | 52 [35–63] | 56 [44–69] | 0.02 |
| BMI in kg/m2, median [IQR] | 25.0 [22.4–28.0] | 26.0 [21.1–29.2] | 0.54 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 31 (24%) | 15 (27%) | 0.64 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 20 (16%) | 7 (13%) | 0.63 |
| Drug use | |||
| Diuretics, n (%) | 15 (12%) | 5 (9%) | 0.59 |
| Non-selective beta-blockade, n (%) | 8 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 0.28 |
| Laboratory | |||
| Platelets level (×10ˆ9/L), median [IQR] | 192 [129–256] | 234 [171–274] | 0.04 |
| Total bilirubin level (umol/L), median [IQR] | 11 [6–19] | 8 [6–11] | 0.02 |
| ALT (U/L), median [IQR] | 38 [26–65] | 32 [23–59] | 0.37 |
| Albumin (g/L), median [IQR] | 41 [34–44] | 41 [39–44] | 0.17 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2), median [IQR] | 90 [74–90] | 85 [73–90] | 0.18 |
| INR, median [IQR] | 1.0 [1.0–1.1] | 1.0 [1.0–1.1] | 0.11 |
| Main etiology liver diseasea | |||
| Viral, n (%) | 35 (27%) | 26 (46%) | 0.40 |
| MAFLD, n (%) | 25 (19%) | 14 (25%) | 0.39 |
| Alcohol-related, n (%) | 8 (6%) | 5 (9%) | 0.51 |
| Auto-immune/cholestatic, n (%) | 25 (19%) | 5 (9%) | 0.08 |
| Other, n (%) | 26 (20%) | 3 (5%) | 0.01 |
| Unknown, n (%) | 16 (12%) | 6 (11%) | 0.74 |
| Stage of liver disease | |||
| Liver cirrhosis | 46 (36%) | 11 (20%) | 0.03 |
| Presence of probable CSPHb | 53 (41%) | 8 (14%) | <0.001 |
| Structural characteristics | |||
| Spleen size, cm [IQR] | 11.8 [10.2–14.0] | 10.1 [9.0–11.2] | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; cm, centimeter; CSPH, clinically significant portal hypertension; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; n, number.
Multiple diagnoses possible.
Established if ≥1 of the following items occurred: ascites, varices, hepatic encephalopathy, splenomegaly (corrected for body length and gender), recanalized umbilical vein, portosystemic collaterals, dilated portal veins (splenic vein ≥13 mm or portal vein ≥16 mm), portal hypertensive gastropathy, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 25 kPa.