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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 26.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2023 May 25;132(11):1521–1545. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.321563

Figure 4. The antioxidant functions of HDL.

Figure 4.

A number of proteins associated with HDL including apoAI and apoA2 prevent the formation of reactive lipid carbonyls by reducing LOOH (lipid hydroperoxides) to LOH (lipid hydroxides). MPO (myeloperoxidase) generates ROS (reactive oxygen species) leading to sequential formation of LOOH and reactive lipid carbonyls. The association of PON1 (paraoxonase 1) with apoAI both inhibits MPO activity and also directly inhibits formation of lipid hydroperoxides and reactive lipid carbonyls.