Fig. 5.

(A and B) Seasonal and diurnal variations of urban-modified cloud patterns Δ_CloudCover summarized in three geographical regions and (C–F) summary of estimated effects of local [city size (log₁₀A) and surface heating (ΔLST)] and regional (regional climate, P and $\overline{T}$) effects on the spatial variations of urban cloud anomalies for inland (i), coastal (ii), and mountainous (iii) cities. Boxes show the median (solid line) and interquartile range of Δ_CloudCover. (C–F) Statistically significant results are illustrated with P = 0.05 (*) and P = 0.01 (**) levels. Vertical bars represent the estimated effect of the studied cities. Only cities with significant Δ_CloudCover at P = 0.05 level are analyzed.