Figure 33.

Accelerating discharging. (a) Discharging can be accelerated by applying voltage inversion, i.e., by dropping the voltage to U_inv and sweeping it to zero with rate k_inv. The top plot shows examples of the voltage inversion protocol and the bottom plot compares their application with step-voltage discharging as obtained by MD simulations. (b) Voltage inversion in experiments with novolac-derived carbon and [EMIM]⁺-[BF₄]^– ionic liquid as electrolyte. Adapted with permission from ref (316). Copyright 2020 Nature Springer under CC-BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).