Figure 34.

Galvanostatic charge–discharge of nanoporous electrodes with ionic liquid. (a) Galvanostatic charge–discharge curve from the experiment and CPM-based molecular simulation and the results of fitting by the diffusion equation. Δϕ_CPM (Δϕ_exp) and Δt_CPM (Δt_exp) are the potential difference and the time in MD simulation (experiment). (b) Total ion mass density, ρ_m, and the number densities of cations and anions, ρ_ion, inside the nanopores as a function of surface charge density, σ, in the galvanostatic charge–discharge process. The solid lines show the discharging process and the dashed lines the charging process. Reproduced with permission from ref (376). Copyright 2021 Nature Springer under CC-BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).